OF THE HUMAN FAMILY. 67 



of which the principal are physical ; but among the moral are those relating to 

 the sympathy and mutual protection which flow from community of blood. 



1. Osmanli-Turks. In many respects the Osmanli-Turks are an extreme repre- 

 sentative of the Turkic class of nations. Their language, originally scant in 

 vocables, has drawn largely, as is well known, from Persian, Arabic, and other 

 incongruous sources, but without yielding its primitive grammatical forms. Their 

 blood, also, has become intermixed, in the course of centuries, with that of the 

 Semitic and Aryan families, without disturbing, however, the influence of the 

 preponderating Turk element, or infusing, to any perceptible extent, Aryan or 

 Semitic ideas. As a people they are still under the guidance of the same impulses 

 and conceptions which existed in their brains when they left the table-lands of Asia 

 to enter upon their eventful migration for the possession of one of the ancient seats 

 of Aryan civilization. Their civil and domestic institutions, which are still oriental, 

 have proved incapable of developing a State of the Aryan type, because the ele- 

 ments of such a political organism did not exist in the conceptions of the Turk 

 mind. It is impossible to develop from the primary ideas deposited in the intel- 

 lectual and moral life of a people, and transmitted with the blood, a series of institu- 

 tions which do not spring logically from them. There is a fixed relation between 

 rudimentary institutions and the State which rises out of them by the growth of 

 centuries. These institutions are developments from pre-existing ideas, conceptions, 

 and aspirations, and not new creations of human intelligence. Man is firmly held 

 under their control, and within the limits of expansion of which they are suscep- 

 tible. It is by the free admixture of diverse- stocks, or, better still, of independent 

 families of mankind, that the breadth of base of these primary ideas and concep- 

 tions is widened, and the capacity for civilization increased to the sum of the original 

 endowments and experiences of both. Where the intermixture of blood is greatly 

 unequal, the modifications of institutions are relatively less than the quantum of 

 alien blood acquired ; since, in no case, will the preponderating stock adopt any con- 

 ceptions that do not assimilate and become homogeneous with the prevailing ideas. 

 Hence, the most favorable conditions for a new creation, so to express it, of mental and 

 moral endowments is the consolidation of two diverse and linguistically distinct peoples 

 into one, on terms of equality, that they may become fused in an elementary union. 



The Aryan family unquestionably stands at the head of the several families of 

 mankind. Next to the Aryan stands the Semitic, and next to the latter the Ura- 

 lian ; and they are graduated at about equal distances from each other. Each has 

 its points of "distinguishing excellence ; but taken in their totalities, the Aryan 

 family has the greatest breadth and range of intellectual and moral powers, and 

 has made the deepest impression upon human affairs. By what combination of 

 stocks this immense mental superiority was gained we are entirely ignorant. The 

 same may be said of the Semitic as compared with the Uralian, and of the Uralian, 

 though in a less degree, as compared with the Turanian. 



In the light of these suggestions the failure of the Osmanli-Turks to reach or 

 even to adopt the Aryan civilization is not remarkable. Six hundred years of expe- 

 rience, of civilizing intercourse with Aryan nations, and of localized government have 

 failed to raise them to the necessary standard of intelligence. Instead of working 



