156 SYSTEMS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY 



control those that follow They are the decisive characteristics which, when they 

 agree in the systems of different nations, embrace so much that is material and 

 fundamental, both in the Turanian and Ganowanian forms, as to render the 

 remaining details subordinate. 



In the female branch of this line, myself still a male, I call my sister's son and 

 daughter my nephew and niece, Ha-ya' -wan-da and Ka-ya '-wan-da ; each of them 

 calling me uncle, Hoc-no' -sell. This is a second indicative feature. It restricts the 

 relationships of nephew and niece to the children of a man's sisters, to the exclu- 

 sion of the children of his brothers. The son and daughter of this nephew and of 

 this niece are my grandson and granddaughter as before ; each of them addressing 

 me by the correlative term. It will be noticed that, in the male branch, on cross- 

 ing from Ego a male to his brother a male, the relationships of the children of the 

 latter approach in the degree of their nearness to Ego ; while, in the female branch, 

 on crossing from Ego a male to his sister a female, the relationships of her children 

 to Ego recede in the degree of their nearness, as compared with the former case. 



In the same line, male branch, Ego being supposed a female (Plate V), I call 

 my brother's son and daughter my nephew and niece, Ha-soh'-neli and Ka-soh'-neh ; 

 each of them calling me aunt, Ah-ga'-huc. It will be observed that the terms for 

 nephew and niece which are used by females are different from those used by males. 

 The son and daughter of this nephew and niece are my grandson and granddaughter, 

 Ha-ya! -da and Ka-ya'-da, and each of them calls me grandmother, Oc'-sote. 



Supposing myself still a female, I call my sister's son and daughter my son 

 and daughter, Ha-ali'-wuk, and Ka-afi'-wuk ; each of them calling me mother, No-ych' . 

 Having crossed in the male branch from Ego a female to her brother a male, the 

 relationships of the children of the latter to Ego recede ; whilst, in the female 

 branch, having crossed from Ego a female to her sister a female the relationships 

 of the children of the latter approach in the degree of their nearness to Ego, also as 

 before. The children of this son and daughter are my grandchildren ; each of them 

 addressing me by the correlative term. 



Irrespective of the sex of Ego, the wife of each of these collateral sons, and of 

 each of these nephews is my daughter-in-law, L'a'-sa ; and the husband of each of 

 these collateral daughters, and of each of these nieces is my son-in-law, Oc-na'-hose ; 

 and I stand to each of them in the correlative relationship. This disposes of the 

 first collateral line, including the relationships both of consanguinity and affinity. 



Diagram, Plate VI, represents the lineal and second collateral line, male and 

 female, on the father's side, with Ego a male ; and Diagram, Plate VII, represents 

 the same lines and branches on the mother's side, with Ego also a male. It would 

 require two other diagrams of the same kind to represent the relationships of the 

 same persons to Ego a female ; but these will be sufficient for the purposes of illus- 

 tration. They are constructed on the same principles as those previously explained. 



In the male branch of this line, on the father's side, Plate VI, with myself a 

 male, my father's brother I call my father Hci'-nih ; and he calls me his son. Here 

 we find a third indicative feature of the system. All of several brothers arc placed 

 in the relation of a father to the children of each other. My father's brother's 

 son is my elder or younger brother; if older than myself I call him my elder 



