164 SYSTEMS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY 



nizing their relatives, near and remote, and of addressing by kin, tends to preserve 

 the integrity of the blood connection. 



The marriage relationships, other than those named, are fully discriminated. 

 There are two terms for father-in-law, Ha-ga'-sii, for the husband's father, and 

 Oc-na'-hose, for the wife's father. This last term is also used to designate a son-in- 

 law, and is therefore a reciprocal term. There are also terms for stepfather and 

 stepmother, Hoc-no'-ese and Oc-no'-ese, which are also applied, respectively, to the 

 husband of my father's sister, and to the wife of my mother's brother : and for 

 stepson and stepdaughter, Ho! -no and Ka'-no. In a number of nations two fathers- 

 in-law are related to each other, and so are two mothers-in-law, and there are terms 

 to express the relationships. The opulence of the nomenclature, although rendered 

 necessary by the elaborate discriminations of the system, is nevertheless remarkable. 



None of the persons indicated in the diagrams, or in the Table, as consanguinci, 

 however remote, can intermarry. Relatives by marriage, after the decease of their 

 respective husbands or wives, are under no restriction. Against the intermarriage 

 of consanguinei the regulations are very stringent amongst the greater part of the 

 American Indian nations. 



We have now passed step by step through the lineal, and the first, second, third, 

 and fourth collateral lines in their several branches, with Ego a male, and also a 

 female, and have exhibited every feature of the system with great minuteness of 

 detail. The analysis of the system presented in the previous chapter has been 

 confirmed in every particular. If the reader has been sufficiently patient to follow 

 the chain of consanguinity, and to observe the operation of the principle which 

 determines each relationship, the contents of this extraordinary system will have 

 been fully mastered. It will be comparatively easy, hereafter, to follow and iden- 

 tify its characteristic features in the forms prevailing in other branches of the 

 family ; and also to detect, on bare inspection, the slightest deviations which they 

 make from the typical or standard form. 



It remains to notice the plan of consanguinity amongst the other Iroquois nations. 

 With the exception of one indicative feature, and of a few inconsiderable and 

 subordinate particulars, they all agree with each other in their domestic relation- 

 ships. It will not, therefore, be necessary to take them up in detail. A reference 

 to the Table (Table II) will show that the terms of relationship, with unimportant 

 exceptions, are the same original words, under dialectical changes, in the six dia- 

 lects. The presence in each of all of its indicative characteristics save one, and 

 their minute agreement in subordinate details, establish the identity of the system, 

 as well as its derivation by each nation from a common original source. 



The discrepancy to which reference has been made consists in the absence, among 

 the Cayugas, Onondagas, Oneidas, and Mohawks, of the relationship of aunt, and 

 in supplying its place with that of mother, wherever the former occurs in the Seneca 

 form. As a consequence, the relationships of nephew and niece are unknown to 

 the females, and are supplied by those of son and daughter. This deviation from 

 uniformity upon an indicative relationship is difficult of explanation. It is, also, 

 not a little singular that after four hundred years of intimate political intercourse, 



