196 SYSTEMS OF C ON S A NGU INITY AND AFFINITY 



the liberty to substitute the Pawnee words from an unpublished vocabulary of my 

 own in the place of Dr. Say's used by him. 



I. Pawnees. 1. Grand Pawnees. 2. Republican Pawnee. 3. Loup Pawnee. 

 4. Tappas Pawnee. 



The Pawnees are now divided into four bands, named as above, each of them 

 having a dialect distinctly marked, but the four being mutually intelligible. The 

 first call themselves Ohd'-ne ; the second call themselves Kit'-ka ; the third, Skee'-de, 

 signifying wolf; and the fourth, Pe-td-ha! -ne-rat. Whatever may have been their 

 former condition, the Pawnees are now among the most demoralized of our Indian 

 nations. Within the past fifty years they have diminished in numbers from causes 

 entirely independent of American intercourse. 1 They have no friends among the 

 Indians of the plains. If a Pawnee and a Dakota, or a Pawnee and any other 

 Indian, of whatever nationality, meet upon the buffalo ranges, it is a deadly conflict 

 from the instant, without preliminaries and without quarter. In fighting qualities 

 they are not inferior to the best of their enemies, but the warfare is unequal, and 

 they are yielding before its influence. Indian nations speaking dialects of the 

 same stock language, though not perfectly intelligible to each other, are much 

 better able to keep the peace than those who speak dialects of different stock 

 languages, and who are thus unable to communicate with each other except through 

 interpreters, or by the language of signs which prevails throughout the interior of 

 the continent. The greatest blessing that could now be bestowed upon the Indian 

 family would be a common language. Difference of speech has undoubtedly been 

 the most fruitful cause of their perpetual warfare with each other. 



The system of relationship of the Grand and Republican Pawnees and of the 

 Arickarees will be found in the Table. It prevails, without doubt, in the remain- 

 ing nations comprising this branch of the family. That of the Republican Pawnee 

 will be taken as the standard form. There is a peculiar series in the lineal line 

 which has not yet been found in any other nation, and which appears to be limited 

 to these nations. It is also repeated in the collateral lines. From its singularity, 

 it deserves a special notice. 



My great-great-grandfather. Ah-te'-is. 1 My father. 



" great-grandfather. Te-wa-cliir'-iks. " uncle. 



" grandfather. Ah-te'-put. " grandfather. 



" father. Ah-te'-is. " father. 



Myself. Late. I. 



My son. Pe'-row. My child. 



" grandson. Lak-te'-gish. " grandson. 



" great-grandson. Te-wat. " nephew. 



" great-great-grandson. Pe'-row. " child. 



It will be observed that the principle of Correlative relationship is strictly pur- 

 sued ; e. g., the one I call son, calls me father ; the one I call nephew, calls me 

 uncle ; and the second one I call son, calls me father. This series must be explained 

 as a refinement upon the common form, designed to discriminate the several ances- 



1 They now number less than 4000 souls. 



