198 SYSTEMS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY 



On the reverse side, my mother's brother's son and daughter, Ego male or female, 

 are my son and daughter ; and their children are my grandchildren. 



The third and more remote collateral lines are the same as the second in the 

 classification of persons, but with additional ancestors. 



Upon the basis of the presence in the Pawnee of nine out of ten of the indicative 

 characteristics of the typical system, there can be no doubt of its identity with it, 

 and that it was transmitted to them with the blood from the common original source. 



2. Arickaree. When Lewis and Clarke ascended the Missouri River in 1804 

 1805, they found the Arickarees living in villages below the mouth of the Cannon 

 Ball River, and consequently below the Mandans. Their lodges were constructed 

 upon the Minnitaree model, and they were then, as now, agricultural and Village 

 Indians. " They cultivate," say these explorers, " maize or Indian-corn, beans, 

 pumpkins, watermelons, squashes, and a species of tobacco peculiar to themselves." 1 

 From the Mandans and Minnitarees they undoubtedly learned the arts of cultiva- 

 tion and of housebuilding. The Pawnees, with whom they immediately affiliate, 

 were neither Village nor agricultural Indians until after they became established 

 upon a reservation under government protection, which was quite recently effected. 

 Mr. Gallatin observes that "it is said of the Pawnees that they raised no more 

 maize than was necessary to whiten their broth," 2 and he might have added a 

 doubt whether even this was of their own producing. The Arickarees were never 

 numerous. Their present village is on the west side of the Missouri, a short dis- 

 tance above that of the Minnitarees. At the time they made their last change of 

 residence, in 1862, the latter nation urged them to settle with them in their village, 

 as the Mandans had done, for mutual protection against the Dakotas, their common 

 enemies ; but they declined to live upon the east side of the river, alleging as a 

 reason that their ancestors had always refused to establish themselves upon that 

 side, and that they were fearful of evil consequences if they crossed their tradi- 

 tionary eastern boundary. 



The Arickaree schedule in the Table is ^incomplete. This language is not 

 accessible, except with extreme difficulty. A few of the traders have partially 

 acquired the language, but not sufficiently for the prosecution of minute inquiries. 

 When at the Arickaree village, I found but one man, Pierre Garrow, a half-blood, 

 who spoke both that language and English. He was sufficiently qualified, but 

 averse to giving information. Through the friendly offices of Mr. Andrew Dawson, 

 chief factor of the American Fur Company, who was there at the time, the little 

 that was obtained was secured. Incomplete as the schedule is, it is quite sufficient 

 to establish the identity of the Arickaree and Pawnee forms, as will be seen by 

 consulting the Table. 



Notwithstanding the great divergence of the dialects of the Prairie nations from 

 the others in the Table, these nations have been placed, provisionally, in the Da- 

 kotan connection. The agreement of their system of relationship with that of the 

 Gulf nations, and of the Minnitarees and Crows, in those respects in which it is 



1 Travels, p, 18. Trans. Am. Eth. Soc., Intro, xlviii. 



