204 SYSTEMS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY 



with that of the Otawas, Potawattamies, and Crees. It also contains certain special 

 features in which these nations agree with each other, but differ from the other 

 Algonkin nations. The Ojibwa system will be adopted as the standard. Four 

 complete schedules of this form are given in the Table first, to show the slight 

 amount of dialectical variation which has arisen in the Ojibwa, notwithstanding the 

 geographical separation of their numerous bands ; and secondly, the permanence 

 of the special features of the system. No other form has been more thoroughly 

 explored, and it appears to exhaust all the capabilities for specialization which the 

 fundamental conceptions of the system render possible. 



There are original terms for grandfather and grandmother, Ne-ma-sho-mis' and 

 No'-ko-mis' ;. for father and mother, Noss and Nin-gah' ; for son and daughter, Nin- 

 gwis' and Nin-da'-niss; and a term in common gender for grandchild, No-she-s7ia' . 

 All ancestors above the first are grandfathers and grandmothers, and all descendants 

 below the last are grandchildren. 



The relationships of brother and sister are held in the twofold form of elder and 

 younger, and there are separate terms for each ; Ni-sa-ya', elder brother, and Ne- 

 mis-sa', younger brother; but the term for younger brother and younger sister, 

 Ne-sfe'-ma, is in common gender, and applied to both. 



It will be understood that what is stated in each of the last two paragraphs is also 

 true with respect to every other Algonkin nation, unless the contrary is mentioned. 



First Indicative Feature. My brother's son and daughter, Ego a male, are my 

 step-son, N'-do'-zhim, and my step-daughter, N'-do'-zTie-mi-kwame. With Ego a 

 female, they are my nephew and niece, Ne-nin'-gwi-nis' and Ne-she-mis' . 



Second. My sister's son and daughter, Ego a male, are my nephew and niece, 

 Ne-nin'-gwi-nis' and Ne-she-mis'. With Ego a female, they are my step-son and 

 step-daughter. 



Third. My father's brother is my step-father, Ne-mis7i'-s7io-ma. 



Fourth. My father's brother's son and daughter, Ego a male, are my step-brother, 

 Ne-ka'^na, and my step-sister, Nin-da-wa'-ma. With Ego a female, they are my 

 brother, elder or younger, and my sister, elder or younger. 



Fifth. My father's sister is my aunt, Ne-see-gus'. 



Sixth. My mother's brother is my uncle, Ne-zhish-sha' . 



Seventh. My mother's sister is my step-mother, Ne-no-sha. 1 



Eighth. My mother's sister's son and daughter, Ego a male, are my step-brother 

 and step-sister ; but the latter, if younger than myself, is my younger sister. With 

 Ego a female, they are my brothers and sisters, elder or younger. 



Ninth. My grandfather's brother is my grandfather. 



Tenth. The grandchildren of my brothers and sisters, and the grandchildren of 

 my collateral brothers and sisters, of my step-brothers and step-sisters, and of my 

 male and female cousins, are, without distinction, my grandchildren. 



1 I think, if re-examined, it will be found that my mother's sister is my mother, and my father's 

 brother my father, Ego a female ; and that my sister's son, Ego a female, is my daughter. In other 

 words, the step-relationships are used by the males, whilst the females use the full terms. The 

 Tables show this in part. 



