OF THE HUMAN FAMILY. 213 



mately with the form which prevails in the first group of the Mississippi nations 

 that it will be unnecessary to present the indicative relationships. The most 

 noticeable fact connected with it is the manner of disposing of the relationships of 

 the children of a brother and sister, who are uncle and nephew if males, and 

 mother and daughter if females, in which respect it agrees with the Miami. 



3. Kikapoos. The earliest notices of this nation placed them in the northern 

 part of the present State of Illinois, between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi. 

 In the enumeration of the Indian tribes made in 1736, 1 ascribed to Chauvignerie, 

 they are located upon Fox River in Wisconsin, whilst in a later one made by Sir 

 William Johnson in 1763, 2 they are placed upon the Wabash. They now reside 

 upon a reservation in Kansas, and number according to the census of 1855 three 

 hundred and forty-four. 3 



Their system of relationship, which will be found in the Table, agrees with the 

 Miami not only in its general form, but also in the relationships between the chil- 

 dren of a brother and sister. 



4. Menominees. The original seat of this nation was upon the river of the same 

 name, in Michigan and Wisconsin. They are mentioned by Du Chesnau, in his 

 "Memoir on the Western Indians," made in 1681, 4 as among the Indians of Wis- 

 consin. They remained in this region until they were removed to a reservation 

 on Long Prairie River, one of the head tributaries of the Mississippi. In 1849 

 they numbered about two thousand five hundred. They have made considerable 

 progress in civilization. 



Their system of relationship is substantially identical with the Miami. It also 

 agrees with it in making the children of a brother and sister, uncle and nephew if 

 males, and mother and daughter if females. 



5. Shiyans. Less is known of the early history of this people than of any 

 other Mississippi nation. They were anciently seated upon the Cheyenne River, a 

 tributary of the Red River of the North, in what afterwards became a part of the 

 Dakota area. The Dakotas have not only preserved a tradition of their former 

 residence upon this river, but they still point out a place, at a bend in the stream, 

 where their village stood, and where there are still said to be traces of former 

 occupation as well as cultivation. We are also indebted to the Dakotas for the 

 name by which they are now known. They called them Shi-ya' " the people who 

 speak an unintelligible tongue." At the time Lewis and Clarke ascended the 

 Missouri (1804), they were established upon the Cheyenne River, a tributary of 

 the Missouri, near the foot of the Black Hills in Nebraska. 5 They are now living 



rring from a black cloud. The Indian eye shows neither pupil nor iris ; and is, so to speak, impenetrable 

 and unreadable a deep but strong unglistening black. The half bloods have glistening eyes, which, at 

 a certain stage of further white intermixture, become the most brilliant eyes to be found in the family 

 of mankind. 



1 Col. Hist. N. Y , IX, 1055. Ib., VII, 583. 



Schoolcraft, Hist. Cond. and Pros. Ind. Tribes, VI, 705. 4 Col. Hist. N. Y., IX, 161. 



5 Lewis and Clarke, speaking of this river, say : " It derives this title from the Cheyenne Indians. 

 Their history is a short and melancholy relation of the calamities of most all the Indians. They 

 were a numerous people, and lived on the Cheyenne, a branch of the Red River of Lake Winnipeg. 



