OF THE HUMAN FAMILY. 273 



yet sensible and marked. In a number of these characteristics they are not dis- 

 tinguishable from the American Indians in general ; but yet they differ much more 

 from each of these Indian nations than the latter do amongst themselves. The 

 Eskimo referred to were brought down from the head of Baffin's Bay by the Arctic 

 explorer, Capt. C. F. Hall, and were pronounced by him fair representatives of the 

 Eskimo of that region. E-pe-olce' -pe the male, was twenty-four years of age, about 

 five feet two inches high, straight, well formed, and with a ruddy complexion, the 

 blood showing through his cheeks with a blush. This peculiarity I have never 

 seen in any American Indian of pure blood. The cheek bones were high, the 

 cheeks full, the nose rather flat at the lower extremity, and the nostrils dilated ; the 

 mouth of medium size, closed when silent, and with a pleasant expression ; the lips 

 moderately full, chin small and receding, beard nearly wanting, eyes black, of 

 medium size, and horizontally set, but with the least perceptible obliquity. The 

 skin was a reddish-brown, not differing from the color of the Northern Indians. 

 The orbit of the eye externally was scarcely visible, the eye and lids filling the 

 cavity flush with the brow, and giving the upper part of the nose a sunken appear- 

 ance. This advanced position of the upper portion of the face below the skull, and 

 which brought the line of the eyes flush with the line of the brows, was quite 

 remarkable. Among the Ganowanian nations the orbit of the eye is rendered con- 

 spicuous by the projection of the forehead, and the sunken position of the eyes. 

 The skull was elongated, narrow and pyramidal, with a wedge-shaped vertex, in 

 which respect it presented a marked divergence from the common Indian type. 

 The occiput was protuberant, and the skull relatively small. The hair was black 

 and straight, but neither harsh nor coarse. His wife, Ta-ka-re-tu, was of about 

 the same age, taller relatively, straight and not ill formed. Her general charac- 

 teristics were much the same as those of her husband. The chief peculiarity of her 

 face was the unusual length vertically, and great prominence of her cheeks, which 

 stood out in oblong lobes on either side of her nose upon a line with its tip, and 

 through which the blood showed with a deep blush. Whilst nursing her child I 

 observed that her bosoms were oblong and deeply pendent, which is also characteris- 

 tic of those of Ganowanian women. In the valley of the Columbia this pendency 

 is so excessive in the females that the mother is able to nurse her child over her 

 shoulder, the child mean time resting on her back. The Eskimo often do the 

 same, and so do the females among the Village Indians of the Colorado. 



Of the several characteristics named there are but three in which the Eskimo 

 diverge from the common Indian type. First, the natural blush showing through 

 the cheeks ; second, the flatness of the face on the line of the eyes, together with 

 its advance forward ; and thirdly, the elongated and pyramidal structure of the 

 skull, with the absence consequently of the flattened occiput. On the other hand, 

 in the color of the skin, in the scantiness of the beard, in the color and character 

 of the hair, in the smallness of the hands and feet, and in their carriage and man- 

 ners they have the general appearance of American Indians. The Eskimo lan- 

 guage, in whatever relates to articulation, accent, guttural and nasal utterances, 

 and in the gesticulations of the persons in its delivery, is very much the same as 



35 March, 1870. 



