276 SYSTEMS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY 



Eng'-o-ta. All ancestors above the first are grandfathers and grandmothers, and 

 all children below the last are grandchildren. 



There is a double set of terms for elder brother and elder sister, Ang-a-yu'-ah, 

 and Na-ya', used by the males, and An-ning'-d, and Ang-fryu'-a, used by the 

 females; a single term for younger brother, Nu'-ka, used by both sexes; and two 

 terms for younger sister, Na'-ya, used by the males, and Nu-lia'-Jia, used by the 

 females. It will be observed that a man calls his elder brother Any-a'-yu-a, and 

 that a woman calls her elder sister the same ; and that a man calls his elder and 

 younger sister by the same term, Ua'-ya. In the plural there are two terms for 

 brothers, Ka-tang '-o-line used by the males, and AJt-ne'-Jea, used by the females; 

 and also for sisters, Na-yung'^ing used by the males, and Ang-oyu' '-kd used by the 

 females. 



First Indicative Feature of the Ganowanian system wanting. My brother's son 

 and daughter, Ego a male, are my nephew and niece, Kung-e-a' -ga, the term being 

 in common gender. With Ego a female, they are also my nephew and niece, but 

 a different term, Ung-a'-ga, also in common gender is employed. 



Second Indicative Feature Neutralized. My sister's son and daughter, Ego a 

 male, are my nephew and niece, We-yo-o-' gwa, the term being in common gender. 

 With Ego a female, they are also my nephew and niece, Noo-a'-ga, this term also 

 being in common gender. It thus appears that there are four different terms for 

 nephew, and as many for niece, the effect of which is to neutralize the first two 

 indicative relationships of the Ganowanian system. But the children of these 

 several nephews and nieces are each and all my grandchildren, thus bringing the 

 first collateral line into the lineal, as in the Indian system. 



Third Indicative Feature Wanting. My father's brother is my uncle, Uk'-kd. 



Fourth Indicative Feature Wanting. My father's brother's son and daughter, 

 Ego a male, are my cousins, ll-lung'-a, the term being in common gender. With 

 Ego a female, they are also my cousins, but a different term, ll-lo'-a, also in com- 

 mon gender, is employed. 



Fifth Indicative Feature Neutralized. My father's sister is my aunt, At-clmg'-a. 

 Her children are my cousins, to whom the same terms are applied as in the last 

 case. 



Sixth Indicative Feature Neutralized. My mother's brother is my uncle, Ang- 

 ug'-ga. His children are my cousins as before. 



Seventh Indicative Feature Wanting. My mother's sister is my aunt, Ai-yug'-gd. 



Eighth Indicative Feature Wanting. My mother's sister's son and daughter 

 are my cousins. Each being called, It-lung'-a, by the males, and ll-lo'-a by the 

 females. 



Ninth Indicative Feature. My grandfather's brother and sister are my grand- 

 father and grandmother. In all of the preceding cases the correlative terms are 

 strictly applied, e. g., the one I call my nephew calls me uncle. 



Tenth Indicative Feature. The children of these several cousins are my nephews 

 and nieces, and the terms are used as in the first collateral line, e. g.^ Ego a male, 

 I call the son of my male cousin Kung-e-a-ga, and with Ego a female, I call the son 



