390 SYSTEMS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY 



of the Tamilian system. My brother's grandchildren are my grandchildren, Pdran 

 and Pertti. With Ego a female, my brother's son and daughter are my nephew 

 and niece, Marumakan and Marumakal ; and their children are my grandchildren. 



In the same line, female branch, with Ego a male, my sister's son and daughter 

 are my nephew and niece, Marumakan and Marumakal. This is the second indica- 

 tive feature. With Ego a female, my sister's son and daughter are my son and 

 daughter, Makan and Mdkal; and my sister's grandchildren are my grandchildren, 

 whether Ego be a male or female. 



In the diagram Plate X. the lineal and first collateral line, male and female, 

 are represented with Ego a male. It would require a second diagram to exhibit 

 the relationships of the same persons to Ego a female ; but the only changes re- 

 quired would be the substitution of nephew and niece in the place of son and 

 daughter, and vice-versa. This diagram, and those which follow, are constructed upon 

 the same plan as those used to illustrate the Seneca-Iroquois system, and the 

 explanations previously given apply equally to the diagrams of the Tamilian 

 system. 



The marriage relationships in this line are as follows : the wife of my brother's 

 son, Ego a male, is my daughter-in-law, Marumakal; the wife of my sister's son 

 is my daughter, Mdkal; the husband of my brother's daughter is my son-in-law, 

 Marumakan; and of my sister's daughter is my son, Makan. With Ego a female, 

 these relationships are reversed ; the wife of my brother's son is my daughter, and 

 of my sister's son is my daughter-in-law ; whilst the husband of my brother's 

 daughter is my son, and of my sister's daughter is my son-in-law. It will be 

 observed that the terms for nephew and niece are used for son-in-law and daughter- 

 in-law as well. This disposes of the first collateral line. 



In all of the preceding relationships, as well as in all of those which follow, the 

 principle of correlative relationship is strictly applied ; the one I call my son calls 

 me father, the one I call my nephew calls me uncle, the one I call grandfather calls 

 me grandson, and the one I call my son-in-law calls me father-in law, and so on- 

 ward through all the recognized relationships. 



The principle of classification found in the first collateral line is applied to the 

 second, third, and each successive collateral, line, as far as the connection of con- 

 sanguinei can be traced ; that is to say, wherever a brother or sister is found in 

 either of these lines, and however remote in numerical degrees, their children and 

 descendants stand in the same relationship to Ego as the children and descendants 

 of an own brother and sister, as above stated. 



In the second collateral line male, on the father's side, my father's brother I 

 call my father, Takkappan. This is the third indicative feature. He is also dis- 

 tinguished as my great or little father, as he is older or younger than my own father, 

 by prefixing the words Periya or Seriya, which signify great and little. In ordinary 

 intercourse I call him my father. My father's brother's son and daughter, if older 

 than myself, are my elder brother and elder sister Tdmaiydn and Akkarl, and if 

 younger, are my younger brother and younger sister TamU and Tangay. This is 

 a fourth indicative feature of the Tamilian system. The son and daughter of this 

 collateral brother, Ego a male, are my son and daughter ; of this collateral sister 



