458 SYSTEMS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY 



In the manner of indicating the fraternal and sororal relationships the same 

 method is found. 



Elder brother. Said by a male, Tu-a-ka-na. Said by a female, Tun-ga-ne. 



Younger brother. " " " Te-i-na. " " " Tun-ga-ne te-i-na. 



Elder sister. " " " Ta-a-hi-ne. " " " Tu-a-ka-na, 



Younger sister. " " " Tu-a-hi-ua te-i-na. " " " Te-i-na. 



A man calls his elder brother Tu-a-ka-na, and a woman calls her elder sister the 

 same ; a man calls his younger brother Te-i-na, and a woman calls her younger 

 sister the same ; hence these terms are in common gender. This is analogous to 

 the Hawaiian method (supra, 456). 



In the iirst collateral line, and irrespective of the sex of Ego, my brother's 

 children and my sister's children are my sons and daughters, and their children are 

 my grandchildren. 



In the second and third collateral lines the questions on the schedule were, by a 

 misapprehension, translated into Maori, which would have left the relationships in 

 these lines in doubt, but for a marginal note by Mr. Taylor, as follows : " A cousin 

 of any degree is a brother or sister." It appears, also, that the same relationship 

 continues downward indefinitely at equal removes, for he remarks further : " To 

 one descended from an elder brother he or she is a Te-i-na, and the descendant of 

 the elder branch is a Tu-a-ka-na to the younger." 1 



It is rendered probable from the Maori schedule in its imperfect state that the 

 system is identical with the Hawaiian. And since New Zealand is at the southern, 

 as the Sandwich Islands are at the northern, extreme of Polynesia, it seems proba- 

 ble that the Hawaiian system will be found prevalent in the intermediate Tonga, 

 Samson, Society, and Marquesas Islands, as elsewhere suggested. In like manner 

 the existence of the same system, as will next appear, in the Kingsmill or Tarawan 

 Islands will lead to a similar inference that it will also be found in the Caroline, 

 Ladrone, and Pelew Islands, which are the principal groups in Micronesia. 



II. Micronesian. 1. Kusaien, of Strong's Island. 2. Kingsmill, of Kingsmill 

 Island. 



The Micronesian Islands are near the equator, and nearer to the coast of Asia 

 than to the Hawaiian group. Judging from the nomenclature of relationships 

 these dialects are radically distinct from the Hawaiian, although in grammatical 

 structure the two languages are said to be the same. 



From two of these island schedules were obtained. One, that of the Kusaiens, 

 was prepared by the Rev. B. G. Snow, and the other, that of the Kingsmill Island- 

 ers, by the Eev. Hiram Bingham, Jr., both American Missionaries to the Micro- 

 nesian Islands. They had at the time resided upon these islands about two years, 

 not long enough to master the dialects, but sufficiently long to use them for ordi- 

 nary colloquial purposes. Neither schedule was completely filled, but the work, 



1 Mr. Taylor further observes, that "a descendant of the elder branch of a family is a pa-pa 

 [father] to all other branches, and the eldest child of the main branch is an a-ri-ki, lord, to all that 

 family, and is supposed to have the spirits of all his or her ancestors embodied in himself or herself, 

 and to be able to converse with them at pleasure." 



