OF THE HUMAN FAMILY. 459 



in each case, was far enough advanced to reveal the principal features of the system, 

 and to show its substantial identity with the Hawaiian. 



1. Kusaien. No terms exist for ancestors above father and mother, and none for 

 descendants below spn and daughter. They are indicated by a reduplication of the 

 primary terms. 1 



Whether the relationships of brother and sister are in the twofold form of elder 

 and younger, is left in some uncertainty by the schedule. 



My elder brother, said by a male, Lek lass, or matu. My brother, larger or older. 



My younger brother, " " Lek Srik, or fwos. " " smaller or younger. 



My elder sister, " " Louk lass, or matu. " sisters, larger or older. 



My younger sister, " " Louk Srik, or fwos. " " smaller or younger. 



My brothers, Ma leh= my brother. The number is indicated by numerals. 



My sisters, Ma lauk=my sister. " " " 



The terms used by females are not given. It is not improbable that the above 

 terms are the mere equivalents of the questions in the schedule, for which reason 

 these relationships require further investigation. 



In the first collateral line, my brother's son and daughter are my son and 

 daughter, which is all that is given in this line. 



In the second, my father's brother is my father ; his son and daughter are my 

 brother and sister; and the children of this collateral brother and sister are Tny 

 sons and daughters. This is the extent to which this branch of the line is earned. 

 My father's sister is my mother, her children are my brothers and sisters, and their 

 children are my sons and daughters. 



My mother's brother is my father, his children are my brothers and sisters, and 

 their children are my sons and daughters. My mother's sister is 'my mother, her 

 children are my brothers and sisters, and their children are my sons and daughters. 

 The foregoing is all that is given of the Kusaien form. It is reasonably inferable 

 that the children of these collateral sons and daughters are my grandchildren, 

 which is all that is needed to establish its identity with the Hawaiian form. 



1 In the letter which accompanied the schedule, dated at Kusaie, March, 1860, Mr. Snow remarks: 

 " You will readily see, when you once get the run of the pronominal suffixes, that you can carry the 

 relationships on ad infinitum, e.g., papa, father; pappa tummuk = my father ; papa tummum=your 

 father; papa tunimal=his or her father. None, mother; none keyuk=my mother ; none keyum = 

 your mother ; neni; keyal=his or her mother. Then we have papa tummun papa=father of my 

 father ; nene keyen nene=mother of my mother. 



" The paradigms for the filial relationships are quite uniform, though different as to their forms; 

 e. g., muen, son ; nmen muttik=my son ; muen muttin mueri muttik=my grandson ; an, daughter; 

 an muttik=my daughter ; an muttin an miittik=my granddaughter. 



" A form for gender in the third person is wanting. It is always indicated not with persons, but 

 with animals, fish, fowls, &c., by the word which signifies male and female respectively; male, 

 mogul ; female, mutan. 



" The forms for the relationships of brother and sister differ of course from the foregoing, e. g., ma 

 lek=my brother ; ma leum=your brother ; ma lal=his brother. Ma louk=my sister; ma loum = 

 your sister ; ma loul=liis sister. Then there is a form used only for the brother of a brother, as 

 tamulal ; also, for the sister of a sister, as tamulael. I have not been able to ascertain that these 

 two forms mean anything more than to indicate the relationship of a brother's brother and a sister's 

 sister." 



