6o Telephone Systems of the Continent of Europe 



storm operators retire from the switch-tables, and subscribers are 

 instructed not to touch their instruments. The operators use 

 watches to time trunk talks, and not sand-glasses. It is worthy of 

 remark that Bavarian operators are invariably of the male sex, 

 although it is in contemplation to introduce girls at Munich and 

 Nuremberg simultaneously with the multiple switch-boards now 

 on order. 



HOURS OF SERVICE 



Munich, Nuremberg, and Fiirth are open day and night ; the 

 nine next most important towns from 7 A.M. till n P.M. ; nine 

 more from 7 A.M. till 9 P.M. ; and the rest according to the dura- 

 tion of the duty at their respective telegraph offices. 



SUBSCRIBERS' INSTRUMENTS 



These usually comprise the modified De Jongh transmitter 

 already described, manufactured by F. Reiner, of Munich ; 

 Bell receivers, magneto, trembling bell, battery box, and back- 

 board ; and, although not so neat and businesslike in appearance 

 as the English, American, or Swedish sets, are well and substan- 

 tially made, and give good results. The chief drawback is that 

 the generator coils have to be cut into circuit by means of a push- 

 button instead of by an automatic contact, an arrangement which 

 compels the use of both hands in ringing, and causes the sub- 

 scriber to incontinently transfer to his mouth, as to a third hand, 

 any papers or pencils he may be carrying. Figs. 10 and n give 

 a good representation of the subscribers' wall and table sets 

 respectively.' 



OUTSIDE WORK (LOCAL) 



All local wires are now run with silicium bronze of 1-5 or 

 2 mm. diameter. In the towns the supports are generally on the 

 houses. Three designs of Bavarian standards are shown in figs. 

 12, 13, and 14. The first is a single wooden pole bolted to the 



