92 Telephone Systems of the Continent of Europe 



practically resemble the top portion 

 of the iron ground pole shown in 

 fig. 25, the junction with the roof 

 being as in fig. 22. It will be seen 

 that the Belgian standards are both 

 substantial and handsome. Their 

 first cost is doubtlessly higher than 

 tubes stuck into sockets and held 

 up by wire ropes, but then they 

 do not collapse under the various 

 misfortunes to which standards in 

 all countries are subject, and their 

 maintenance (unless they have to 

 be bodily shifted) is a bagatelle. 

 The ground poles, when of small 

 capacity, are usually of wood ; 

 when designed to carry many wires, 

 or when located where appearance 

 is an object, usually of iron lattice. 

 Fig. 25 shows a ground pole carrying 

 sixty wires, typical of the practice 

 in Liege, with its details. It is built 

 with two splices, the angle-iron of the 



top section being 3~ * ^-, of the 



SPLICING PLATES 



middle 8 ->i- 80 , 



and of the bottom 



millimeters. The foot is 



CONCRETE 



IRON BASE PLATE ) 



10 <ym THICK 

 HEIGHT Or POLE .95-14 FEET 

 2 METERS 



o so 100 soo 



FIG. 25 



90 x 90 



9 



embedded in concrete. Such a pole 

 will stand on a sharp angle without 

 stays and without visible deflection. 

 Fig. 26 shows the plan, with details, 

 of a somewhat similar pole designed 

 to carry eight ten-wire arms. Such 

 poles, which are common along the 

 quays at Antwerp, at Namur, and 

 elsewhere, are 62 feet high and 



