2 1 2 Telephone Systems of the Continent of Europe 



and arm plates alike. An iron strap terminating in threaded bolts 

 passes round the tube and between the plates of the arm, the bolts 

 ultimately projecting through a separate plate bearing against the 

 front of the arm. Nuts are then placed on the bolts, and being 

 screwed up the strap embraces the tube tightly and fixes the arm. 

 After erection the arm is further stiffened by the insulator bolts, 

 which pass through spacing rings between the two plates, and 

 are screwed up tightly from beneath. Sometimes these arms are 

 replaced by simple lengths of angle -iron pierced to receive the 



5 



6 a, 4b'ubb Too me 



FIG. 74A. Scale of 200 millimeters. 



insulator bolts. Arms of this nature can be seen on the standard 

 in the right-hand bottom corner of fig. 72. The German standards 

 are seldom, if ever, provided with climbing clips, but most have a 

 wooden platform, as shown in the figures, on which the man stands 

 when attending to the wires. The platform is generally, but not 

 always, supported on a clip, so that its height can be readily 

 lessened as the standard fills. The details of the double standard 

 (fig. 74A) are precisely similar, the arms, however, being connected 

 together by three vertical bracing rods. The platform extends 

 the whole width. Often, but very far from universally, the cross- 



