German Empire 217 



Berlin-Memel, the gauge is 4 and 4/5 mm. The insulators are 

 large double-shed of white porcelain of German manufacture. The 

 trunks generally follow the railways and are supported on ordinary 

 wooden poles, the wires being crossed at intervals. 



STATISTICS 



The union of the telephone with the telegraph is so intimate 

 in Germany that no separate account is kept, or at least published, 

 of the exclusively telephonic receipts and working expenses. It 

 is consequently impossible to know whether the system is re- 

 munerative or the reverse. 



December 31, 1893, is the date of the following the latest 

 figures relating to lines, instruments, and volume of traffic. 



Exchange areas ....... 366 



Switch-rooms ....... 384 



Exchange subscribers . . . . . . 75, I2 i 



,, subscribers' instruments . . . 80^82 



Official and service instruments .... 12,349 



Exchange instruments of all kinds in connection . 93> I 3i 



Public telephone stations . . . . . 164 



Instruments in stock exchanges .... 106 



Trunk lines ....... 432 



Length of local or town routes, kilometers . . 13,162 



,, wire of all descriptions, kilometers . 142,269 



Number of talks for year 



Local ..... 313,628,062] 



Trunk 59,082,178 1 372,710,240 



At the end of 1894 the exchange instruments working in the 

 chief towns numbered approximately : 



Berlin . 

 Breslau 

 Cologne 

 Dresden 



