300 Telephone Systems of the Continent of Europe 



are each composed of two pieces of Belgian channel-iron bolted 

 together, and the cross-arms are also of channel-iron arranged so 

 as to form a shelter for any insulated wires that may be used for 

 cable or cross connections. The uprights, when extra strength is 

 called for, are strutted on one or both sides with riveted channel- 

 or angle-iron. The uprights are riveted to iron foot-plates adapted 

 to the slope of the rafters to which they are bolted. The ground 

 pole work is also good. The larger poles (fig. 104) are of the best 



FlG. 102E 



fir ; their butts are usually soaked in boiling creosote to above the 

 ground line, and the weather is excluded by roofs of the English 

 pattern. The arms are of angle-iron (wooden arms are quite 

 exceptional in Norway) made into a frame by riveting to four 

 vertical bars, the frame being fastened to the wood at three points 

 by strong straps and wood screws. This plan secures a neat job, 

 since the frame is constructed before attachment to the pole, and 

 it is easy to make the arms truly parallel ; on the English plan it 



