358 Telephone Systems of the Continent of Europe 



SUBSCRIBERS' INSTRUMENTS 



Both the State and the General Telephone Company now use 

 the instruments of Ericsson & Co. exclusively, although they have 

 a good number of American and Belgian manufacture in the older 

 centres. The Stockholm Bell Company uses Belgian magnetos 

 and receivers and Ericsson carbon transmitters. Fig. 121 shows 

 the more usual types employed. Their construction is too 

 familiar to need description here. Recent improvements in detail 

 have been the mounting of the battery terminals, in the second 

 wall instrument, on long insulating pillars so as to bring them to 

 the front of the battery space, where they are much more acces- 

 sible than when placed on the back-board ; and the addition of 

 a fourth magnet to the generators of instruments used habitually 

 for long distances, which enables them to give a loud ring through 

 20,000 ohms. The duplicate crank on the first desk instrument 

 is a convenience when the instrument is used indifferently from 

 both sides of a table. 



OUTSIDE WORK (LOCAL) 



General Telephone Company's system. The most prominent 

 feature of this is undoubtedly the Bessemer steel tower (see 

 frontispiece) at the Brunkeberg primary exchange, which is the 

 largest telephone fixture in the world. It rests on special pillars 

 built up from the ground, and rises 75 feet above the exchange 

 roof. Its cost, 3,2587., might well appal the telephonic financiers 

 of Little Lilliput, but Mr. Cedergren is of opinion that no expen- 

 diture incurred by his company has ever yielded such a good 

 return. Its building attracted attention to the telephone from one 

 end of Sweden to the other ; and when, in its finished state, it 

 proved to be one of the landmarks of Stockholm and one of the 

 best points from which to view the city, the identification of the 

 General Company with the telephone became complete in the 

 public mind, and is so yet, in spite of the State's opposition and 

 lower rates. Figs. 122, 123, and 124, which show specimens of 

 the company's smaller exchange fixtures, indicate a creditable 

 fertility of design on the part of its engineers. Fig. 125 shows a 



