Structural Characteristics 



123 



times called a "fan" and, generally, attain a height 

 of 1 8 to 30 inches, according to the variety, averaging 

 about 24 inches except that the foliage of the inter- 

 mediates is somewhat more dwarf. Each leaf is folded 

 lengthways in the middle, and the two halves of the 

 lower portion are separated by a new leaf which comes 

 up between them and gradually emerges after attain- 

 ing a length of several inches, but above that they 

 are adherent and form a solid blade, and so the outside 

 of the leaf corresponds to what is the under side of 

 leaves generally. Each leaf sits saddle-fashion about 

 the base of the leaf next 

 above and on the opposite 

 side (Fig. XV). 



The first of each sea- 

 son's leaves of most 

 species ordinarily appear 

 in the spring; but a few 

 (as, especially, the ger- 

 manicse and the inter- 

 mediates) generally be- 

 gin to put them forth in 

 the fall, and they attain 

 a length of a few inches 

 before freezing weather, 

 and not only usually sur- 

 vive the winter but dur- 

 ing mild winters some- 

 times make a little growth. 



The leaves of most varieties are smooth or only 

 very slightly ribbed, but some of the neglectae and 



FIG. XV. SEEDLING, FALL 1919; SEED 

 SOWED fall, 1918 



