13G GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 



The sands of the deserts, steppes, and rivers, ought to be 

 carefully collected. The sands of rivers often contain precious 

 stones and metals, and hence become interesting objects to the 

 naturalist. The sands of deserts and steppes throw much light 

 on the nature of the surrounding country, and are much prized 

 by the geologist. 



Numerous mineralized, animal, and vegetable remains, oc- 

 cur imbedded in strata of different kinds. All these ought to 

 be very carefully collected and preserved. Abundance of 

 shells, in a fossil or petrified state, are found in limestone ; of 

 vegetables, in slate, clay, sand-stone, &c. ; and numerous bones, 

 and even whole skeletons of quadrupeds, birds, amphibious 

 animals, fishes, and also insects, occur in rocks of various de- 

 scriptions. 



The mineralogist ought to provide himself with hammers of 

 various sizes. One for common use of two pounds weight ; 

 others, * three, four, and six pounds weight. He ought to 

 have various chissels, differing in form and size. Likewise, a 

 set of small boring-irons. A mariner's compass, small magni- 

 fying glass, goneometer, and blow-pipe, ought also to form 

 part of his equipment. That admirable instrument, the Sim- 

 piesometer, invented and sold by Mr Adie of Edinburgh, for 

 ascertaining the altitude of places, should also be possessed 

 by every traveller and naturalist ; as also the Thermometer, 

 the Hyrometer, or Dew Point instrument, the Photometer, 

 and the Kilinometer, all made by the same gentleman. Nor 

 should the mineralogist neglect to provide himself with a 

 strong bag, in the form of that used by sportsmen, which ought 

 to be lined with strong leather covered with wax-cloth, and 

 the outside of some durable cloth. 



Besides these, there are many other instruments required 

 by naturalists, a complete set of which will be found in the 

 Appendix, with their prices ; and these are all made by Mr 

 Adie, optician and instrument maker to his Majesty, one of the 

 first in his line in this or any other country. 



To illustrate the past and present condition of mankind, the 

 various articles of antiquity, dresses of different nations, im- 

 plements of agriculture, warlike instruments of nations ami 

 tribes, ought also to be collected, 



