168 



rivet ; b, the bow for the thumb or finger. 2. Side 

 view, to show the way of opening and closing the 

 flappers, by means of the riveted handles. 



PLATE V. 



Fig. 1. An instrument for the convenience of tra- 

 vellers, the upper edge of which, , is sharpened for 

 cutting specimens of the wood from the trunks or larger 

 branches of trees ; b> edged for severing the branches 

 out of reach ; c, blunt for hooking them down, for the 

 sake of the leaf, fruit, or flower. This, with a small 

 spade for digging up plants, may be carried in the 

 waistcoat pocket, and the same handle will serve for 

 them and the insect net. 



Fig. 2. Shape of the larger hammer used for rocks. 



Fig. 3. Smaller hammer enlarged, to show the di- 

 rection of the upper edge, , which must form a seg- 

 ment of the circle formed by the arm in striking, (to 

 make the blow effective,) which depends of course on 

 the length of the arm. 



THE END. 



Printed by A. and 11. Spottiswoode, 

 Printers- Street, London. 



