OF CARNIVOROUS ANIMALS. 523 



spot in 1816, bylProfessor Buckland, in which is to be 

 especially remarked an enormous mass, entirely com- 

 posed of bones enveloped in the stalactite, and thus form- 

 ing an osseous breccia, but of quite a different nature 

 from those which occur at Gibraltar and other places *. 



The cave of Gaylenreuth is one of those the bones of 

 which are most completely known, by the researches 

 which have been made or caused to be made in it for a 

 long time back by distinguished naturalists, such as 

 MM. Esper, de Humboldt, Ebel of Bremen, Rosenmul- 

 ler, Soemmering, Goldfuss, See., and by the numerous 

 and rich collections which these researches have pro- 

 duced. According to the examination which Cuvier has 

 made of the principal of these collections, three-fourths 

 of the bones found there belong to the Bear genus, and 

 to two or three species of that genus. The others be- 

 long to the hyena, tiger, wolf, fox, glutton, and polecat, 

 or some nearly allied species. There are also found, al- 

 though in much smaller number, bones of herbivorous 

 quadrupeds, and, in particular, deer, of which fragments 

 are in the possession of M. Ebel. It would even ap- 

 pear from a passage of M. Scemmering's, that a par- 

 cel of bones had been got in it belonging to an ele- 

 phant's skull -f-. According to Rosenmiiller, there were 

 found in it bones of men, horses, oxen, sheep, deer, 

 roes, mules, badgers, dogs, and foxes, but which from 

 the researches made by him in the cave itself, and from 

 their state of preservation, must have been deposited at 



* This plate forms the frontispiece to the present work. 



f Scemmering uber die fossilien Knocken, welche in der Protogaa 

 Von Leibnitz abgebildet sind : eine Abhandlung in der Magazin fur 

 die Naturgeschichte des Menschen von C. Grosse, iii. 1790, s. 73. 



