v.] CUP-SHAKE. 33 



presence to the surveyor while the tree is standing. It 

 can only, therefore, be dealt with when discovered in the 

 log, after being felled. This defect is, to some extent, 

 local, and is especially so among the Oaks, it being more 

 frequently met with in the Sicilian Oak than in, perhaps, 

 any other. It occurs in Virginian Pitch Pine, and it is 

 often found in Lignum Vitae. It is worthy of notice 

 that whatever may be the cause of the cup-shake in the 

 last-named wood, which is grown extensively in St. 

 Domingo, latitude 1 8 to 20 N., and where the tempera- 

 ture of the winter is rarely below 60, it cannot have 

 suffered from frost. 



