CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



PAGE 



Trees, Exogenous species Forms of stems Direction of branches 

 Heart-wood Sap-wood Bark Pith Medullary rays Ascent 

 and descent of sap Cambium Lignine Annual layers, &c. . 3 



CHAPTER II. 



Annual layers at top and butt of trees Boabab Cedars of Lebanon 

 Sizes and ages of trees Rate of growth Position of maximum 

 strength Signs when past maturity Foxiness Stag-headed 

 Natural seasoning Proper time for felling, &c 13 



CHAPTER III. 



Trees, hedge-grown Copse-grown Effects of variety of soil In- 

 fluence on water supply Form when young Pith, snake- 

 like, &c 22 



CHAPTER IV. 



Defects Heart-shake "Woods affected In Teak attributed to ring- 

 ing or girdling Common to Exogenous species Various forms 

 of, &c. . . 26 



CHAPTER V. 



Defects Star-shake External evidence of Trees most frequent in 

 Cup -shake Varieties of Occur in sound trees to some extent 

 local, &c. >./,;'.* - . , . .: . , : 3<> 



CHAPTER VI. 



Annual layers of irregular growth Departure from natural colour 

 Spots Swellings Removal of branches Broken branches 

 Mode of pruning Druxy knot Rindgall How to select timber, 

 spars, planks, deals, &c 34 



