49 



can easily make a " carrago noseband " for 

 him ; this is simply an iron noseband fitting 

 to the nose, witli rings at the sides for the 

 reins, and a slit at each side for the head- 

 piece. This, with a fixed martingale, will 

 enable one to hold some horses, which are 

 quite uncontrollable when their mouths are 

 being hurt by a bit. The noseband is more 

 comfortable and looks better, if a strip of 

 leather is twisted round it. 



American Bearing Rein: 



A horse which j^uts his head down into his 

 chest and bores may often be broken of this 

 habit by the use of the American trotter's 

 bearing rein, which keeps his head up. It 

 consists of a strap running from the saddle, 

 through a ring at the ears and down the 

 face, where it is fixed to the bit. 



Fixed Martingale : 



If, on the other hand, a horse throws up 

 his head and thus renders his rider scarcely 

 able to control him, a fixed martingale 

 should be placed on him, fitting so that he 

 can just raise his head till the nos© is 

 parallel with the ground. The horse will 



