OF THE CANKER, AND GUM. 319 



The infection in the innner bark appears like dots 

 made with a pen, all of which must be cut clean 

 out ; for if any part of the canker be left, it will 

 infect the new wood and bark. Wherever you 

 see gum oozing out, you may rest assured that the 

 canker is not quite eradicated ; which, if suffered 

 to remain, will spread till the whole tree becomes 

 a mass of gum and canker, and will be killed in a 

 very short time. 



When the trunk is become hollow, cut the 

 loose rotten part clean out till you come to the 

 sound wood, taking care to round the edges of 

 the hollow part ; then apply the Composition in 

 a liquid state, laying it on with a painter's brush, 

 wherever the cankered bark has been pared off or 

 the dead w^ood cut out, till these places are 

 entirely covered with it : when that is done, shake 

 some of the pow^der of wood-ashes and burnt 

 bones over the Composition, and pat it gently 

 down with your hand. See the Chapter On the 

 Making and Laying on of the Composition, 

 p. 411. 



If the foregoing directions be carefully followed, 

 the canker will be completely eradicated, and 

 the hollow trunk in time be filled up with sound 

 wood. 



When the stem is much decayed, it will be 

 absolutely necessary to open the ground, examine 

 the roots, and cut off all the rotten parts. When 

 you have cut out all the rotten and decayed parts 

 below ground, and scraped the hollow^ clean, make 



