THE HEAD. 



Gl 



mastoid protuberance replaces the mastoid process. The mastoid crest is, as in the Ox, 

 confounded with the superior root of the zygomatic process. 



The proji ction formed by the mastoid protuberance is enormous. The subuliform 

 process is little marked, and there is no hyoideal prolongation or parieto-temporal canal. 



6. Supermaxillary bone. In the Pig, the ex- 

 ternal surface of this bone is hollowed in its middle, 

 and presents in front a voluminous relief formed 

 by the alveolus of the canine tooth. The cavity 

 is entirely formed in the supermaxilla. There is 

 no alveolar tuberosity, and the interdental space 

 is very short, while the cavity for the sinus is little 

 developed. The lower orifice of the palatine canal 

 is even pierced in the substance of the super- 

 maxilla. 



7. Premaxillary lone. The external process of 

 the premaxillary bone is very long and wide at its 

 base, and consolidated with the nasal bone for 

 about the upper two-thirds of its length. There 

 is no incisive foramen or cavity for the tusk. The 

 incisive openings are oval. 



8. Palate bone. The palatine portion of the ex- 

 ternal face is more developed than in the Ox, but 

 the orbital portion is very limited. The palatine 

 crest is rt placed by a tuberosity, against which 

 rests, outwardly, the subsphenoidal process, and 

 inwardly, the pterygoid bone. The union of -these 

 three parts constitutes, on the posterior surface of 

 the head, a thick and very remarkable trifid pro- 

 jection or mamelon. 



9. Pterygoid bone. See the description of the 

 palate bone. 



10. Zygomatic bone. The summit of this bone 

 in the Pig is flattened on each side, and divided 

 into two blanches, between which is wedged the 

 summit of the zygomatic process; the anterior 

 branch is very short, and does not join the frontal 

 bone. 



1 1 . Lachrymal bone. In the Pig there are ob- 

 served a lachrymal fossa and two lachrymal canals, 

 which are pierced outside the orbital cavity, and 

 soon coalesce in the substance of the bone to consti- 

 tute a single canal. The fossa is very deep. 



12. Nasal bones. - These bones are long and nar- 

 row, and traversed on their external face by the 

 fissure that descends from the superciliary foramen. 

 The nasal prolongation is short. 



13. Turbinated bones. The same arrangement 

 as in the Sheep and Goat, except that they are 

 much longer and less fragile. 



14. Inferior Maxilla. A straight line leading 

 from the greater axis of the alveoli of the molar would 

 not traverse the posterior border of the maxillary 

 branches ; the bottom of these alveoli corresponds 

 to the relief on the inner face. The condyle is 

 compressf-d on both sides, and elongated from before 

 to behind ; while the coronoid process is t-hort and 

 wide. There is no neck; the interdental spaces 

 are very short ; and the maxiilo-dental canal opens 

 interiorly by multiple orifices. 



15. Hyoid bone. The body is voluminous and 

 deprived of an appendix; the small branches are 



short and consolidated with the body ; while the large branches, curved like an S, are very 

 thin, and are united to the small branches and the temporal bone no longer by fibro- 

 cartilage, but by veritable yellow elastic ligaments. 



C. HEAD OF CARNIVORA. 1, Occipital bone. The eminence which constitutes the 



HEAD OF THE PIG ; POSTERIOR FACE 



1, Occipital protuberance; 2, Occi- 

 pital foramen ; 3, Occipital con- 

 dyle ; 4, Condyloid foramen ; 5, 

 Basilar process ; 6, 6, Mastoid crest ; 

 7, Styloid process of the occipital 

 bone ; 8, Articular surface of the 

 temporal bone ; 9, Mastoid protu- 

 berance; 10, Foramen lacerum; 11, 

 Subsphenoidal process external 

 wing of pterygoid process; 12, 

 Palatine crest ; 13, Pterygoid bone 

 internal wing of the pterygoid 

 process ; 14, Inferior orifice of the 

 palatine canal; 15, 15, Incisive 

 openings. 



