ARTICULATIONS OF TEE ANTERIOR LIMBS. 



145 



internal glenoid cavity, both excavated, on the superior extremity of the 

 middle ridge re- 



Fig. 85. 



radius; 3, A 



spending to the middle groove 

 of the humerus, separating the 

 two preceding surfaces, and 

 prolonged on the ulnar beak, 

 where it forms the sygmoid 

 notch. This ridge shows a 

 small sy no vial fossette hol- 

 lowed out on the radius and 

 ulna. 



M.ode of union. Three 

 ligaments : two lateral and an 

 anterior. 



a. The external lateral liga- 

 ment (Fig. 85, 8) is a thick, 

 short, and strong funicle, at- 

 tached above to the crest limit- 

 ing outwardly and posteriorly 

 the furrow of torsion, and in 

 the small cavity placed at the 

 external side of the humeral 

 articular surface. Below, it is 

 inserted into the supero-ex- 

 ternal tuberosity of the radius. 

 Its anterior border is con- 

 founded with the capsular liga- 

 ment, and is margined by the 

 principal extensor of the pha- 

 langes, which derives from it 

 numerous points of attach- 

 ment. By its posterior border 

 it is in contact with the ex- 

 ternal flexor of the metacarpus. 

 Its internal face is lined by 

 synovial membrane, and its 

 external face is only separated 

 from the skin by the anti- 

 brachial aponeurosis and some 

 of the fasciculi from the origin 

 of the lateral extensor muscle 

 of the phalanges. Its super- 

 ficial fibres are vertical, and are 

 continuous, behind, with the 

 arciform ligamentous bands 

 which stretch from the ulna to 

 the radius. Its deep fibres are 

 slightly oblique downwards 

 and forwards. 



b. The lateral internal liga- 

 ment, also funicular, is longer, 

 but not so strong as the pre- 

 ceding. It arises from the small tuberosity on the inner side of the 



SCAPULO-HUMERAL AND HUMERO-RADIAL ARTICU- 

 LATIONS, WITH THE MUSCLES SURROUNDING THEM 

 (EXTERNAL FACE). 



1, Scapulo-humeral capsular ligament ; 2, Short ab- 

 ductor muscle of the arm ; 3, Its insertion in the 

 humerus ; 4, Insertion of the subspinous muscle 

 on the crest of the great tuberosity; 5, Coraco- 

 radial muscle; 6, Its tendon of origin attached to 

 the coracoid process; 7, Its radial insertion con- 

 founded with the anterior ligament of the ulnar 

 articulation ; 8, 8, External lateral ligament of that 

 articulation; 9, Anterior ligament ; 10, Aconeus, or 

 small extensor of the fore-arm; 11, Origin of the 

 extei-nal flexor muscle of the metacarpus ; 12, Short 

 flexor muscle of the fore-arm. A, Tuberosity or 

 the scapular spine. B, Superspmous fossa. C, Sub- 

 spinous fossa. D, Convexity of the small trochan- 

 ter, E, Summit of the trochanter. 



