178 



THE MUSCLES. 



In this work we will follow the nomenclature of Bourgelat, which will 

 however, be submitted to some change. But as the names given by Girard 

 are, in our opinion, of some assistance to students, care will be taken to 

 include them in the synonymy. 



(It only remains for me to add that Chauveau's nomenclature will 

 be followed as closely as possible. It possesses advantages which are 

 greatly superior to that adopted by Percivall ; and as, in my opinion, the 

 names and terms imported into science should be as nearly alike in all 

 languages as may be compatible with circumstances, in order to facilitate 

 study, comparison, and reference, I the more readily venture to take this 

 step. Percivall's nomenclature will, however, be added in brackets to the 

 synonyms, as well as that of Leyh and Guilt when occasion appears to 

 demand it.) 



STRUCTURE OF THE STRIPED MUSCLES. 



There enter into the structure of muscles : 1, Muscular tissue, properly 

 so-called ; 2, Conjunct! val tissue in the form of delicate 

 lamellre, aponeuroses, or tendons ; 3, Vessels and nerves. 



A. MUSCULAR TISSUE. This tissue is composed of 

 prismatic fasciculi, which it is possible to divide and 

 subdivide into several smaller and smaller fasciculi, 

 until the muscular fibre or primitive fasciculus is reached. 



The muscular fibre is a kind of irregular polyhedron, 

 with rounded angles, and extremities terminating in a 

 blunt point. It is sometimes straight, sometimes 

 wrinkled, but always striped either in a longitudinal or 

 transversal direction, or both at once. 



This fibre is formed by an envelope and contents. 



Tile envel P e is a ver 7 delicate, structureless mem- 

 ^ rane ^ an elastic nature, named the sarcolemma or 

 Nuclei in greater or less number can be 

 seen on its inner face. 



The contents are resolved into contractile fibrillce and 



an interstitial substance. 



,. J>7 ,., . 77 ... ,, . , 



The contractile jibnlia constitutes the primary ele- 



ment of striped muscle. It is a minute column whose 

 surface, according to Eouget, exhibits the alternate prominences and 

 depressions of the turns of a more or less fine screw ; and which, according 



to Bowman, is formed by a mass of 



Fi S- 96> small discs, named by him the sarcous 



elements. 



The interstitial substance, granular 

 ^Hlilf and nucleated, unites the fibrillas in 

 the interior of the sarcolemma and, 

 in addition, according to Bowman's 

 hypothesis the discs entenng into 



B, ULTIMATE FIBRIL 



in* t IU Bo LE ' a CC rd " 

 c MuscularlftrTmore 



' highly magnified, its myolemma 

 myolemma being so 

 thin and transparent 



mate 

 seen> 



to be 



THE FRAGMENTS ^ ne composition ot each nbrilJa. 



The aggregation of the fibrillaB 

 produces the longitudinal striation : the transverse striation is the result 



enormous muscle in the smaller Euminants, is represented in Solipeds by two consider- 

 able muscles, much more voluminous than the muscle analogous to the great pectoral. 

 It is only necessary, in this case, to change their names into superficial and deep 

 pectorals. 



