188 



THE MUSCLES. 



of the latter muscle ; then the limb is removed by sawing through the scapula beneath 

 the insertions of the angularis and great serrated muscles, as in figure 105. But as 

 neither the cervical or dorsal insertions of the splenius are exposed, it is necessary to 

 proceed to the second part of the operation by removing the rhomboideus, angularis, 

 and the superior extremity of the shoulder. To prepare the third layer, which com- 

 prises the great and small complexus, it is sufficient to excise the splenius, in following 

 the direction of the neck, and to turn upwards and downwards the two portions of the 

 muscle (/See fig. 106). Lastly, the deep layer the transverse spinous, intertransverse, 

 oblique, and posterior straight muscles, as well as the cervical ligament is exposed by 

 removing the two complexus and the ilio-spinalis muscles (See fig. 104). 



1. Rhomboideus. (Figs. 101, 6; 104, 1, 2.) 



Synonyms. Described by Bourgelat as two muscles, the proper elevator of the 

 shoulder and the rhomboideus, these were termed by Girard the cervico-subscapularis 

 and dorso-subscapularis. (This is the rhomboideus longus and brevis of Percivall, and 

 the dorso-scapularis and cervico-subscapularis of Leyh.) 



Form Situation Direction. This muscle has the form of a very 

 elongated triangle, and is situated at the inner aspect of the cervical 

 trapezius and the scapular cartilage, beneath the cervical ligament, whose 

 direction it follows. 



Fig. 101. 



LATERAL VIEW OP THE NECK; SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES. 



1, 1, Parotid gland ; 2, Sterno-maxillaris and, 14, Its junction with its fellow of the 

 opposite side; 3, 4, Mastoido-humeralis, or levator humeri; 5, Splenius; 6, 

 Rhomboideus; 7, Funicular portion of the cervical ligament, or ligamentum 

 colli; 8, Angularis of the scapula; 9, Supra-, or antea-spinatus ; 10, Trapezius; 

 11, Infra-, or postea-spinatus ; 12, Jugular vein; 13, Subscapulo-hyoideus ; 

 15, Trachea. 



Structure Attachments. It is composed of thick, fleshy fasciculi, the 

 anterior of which are oblique downwards and backwards, the posterior 

 passing directly downwards. These fasciculi are fixed by their superior 

 extremity to the funicular portion of the cervical ligament and the summits 

 of the spinous processes of the four or five dorsal vertebrae succeeding the 



