MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK. 189 



first -fixed insertion ; by their inferior extremity, to the inner aspect of the 

 scapular cartilage, where the anterior fasciculi are confounded with those of 

 the angularis. 



Relations. Covered by the cervical portion of the trapezius, the scapular 

 cartilage, and the aponeurosis of the great dorsal muscle, the rhomboideus 

 covers the sphenius, which is excavated near its superior border for its 

 reception, as well as the aponeurosis of the anterior small serrated muscle 

 through the medium of a yellow elastic lamina. 



Action. It draws the shoulder upwards and forwards. 



2. Angularis Muscle of the Scapula. (Figs. 102, 4 ; 105, 3.) 



Synonyms. Trachelo-subscapularis Girard. Portion of the serratus magnus 

 Bourgelat. Elevator of the scapula Cuvier. (Anterior portion of the serratus 

 magnus of Percivall. The levator anguli scapulas of Man.) 



Situation Form Structure. This is a very strong muscle, situated in 

 front of the shoulder, triangular, flattened on both sides, thin at its superior 

 border, thick behind and below, and almost entirely fleshy. 



Attachments. It takes its origin from the transverse processes of the five 

 last cervical vertebras by five distinct portions, which are directed towards 

 the scapula in converging towards each other, and soon join to form a single- 

 muscular body, which is inserted into the internal face of the scapula, on its 

 anterior triangular surface. 



Relations. This muscle is confounded at its inferior border with the 

 serratus magnus. It is covered by the cervical trapezius, the mastoido- 

 humeralis, and the small pectoral muscle. It covers the splenius, the in- 

 ferior branch of the ilio-spinalis, and the common intercostal muscle. Near 

 its junction with the serratus magnus, its internal face adheres very 

 closely to the transverse processes of the three first dorsal vertebrae. 



Action. It draws forward the superior extremity of the scapula, while 

 the humeral angle is carried backwards. If the shoulder becomes the fixed 

 point, it can act in the extension or lateral inclination of the neck. 



3. Splenius. (Figs. 105, 4, 5 ; 106, 5.) 



Synonyms. Cervico-trachelian T- Girard. 



Form Situation. A considerable muscle, flattened on both sides, 

 triangular, and comprised between the cord of the cervical ligament, the 

 inferior branch of the ilio-spinalis muscle, and the transverse processes of the 

 four first cervical ribs. 



Structure. The splenius, aponeurotic only at its periphery, is composed 

 of thick fleshy fasciculi which are all directed forwards and upwards, to 

 reach the head and the first cervical vertebrae. 



Attachments. It is fixed, by its posterior border, to the lip of the 

 cervical ligament and the summits of the spinous processes of the first 

 dorsal vertebras, by means of an aponeurosis which is continuous behind 

 with that of the small anterior serratus, and confounded, by its inner surface, 

 with that of the great complexus. Its anterior border is cut into four or 

 five digitations which constitute the movable insertions of the muscle : 

 a. The superior digitation is the widest and thinnest, and terminates in an 

 aponeurosis (Fig. 105, 5), which unites it to the mastoid tendon of the small 

 complexus, and passes to the mastoid crest, b. The second joins a very 

 strong tendon common to the splenius, the small complexus, and the 

 mastoido-humeralis, which tendon is attached to the transverse process of 



