192 



THE MUSCLES. 



splenius. That of the anterior muscle is funicular, and receives, before its 

 insertion, a digitation from the splenius (fig. 106, 10), and another from the 

 mastoido-humeralis (fig. 106). 



Fixed attachments. The two fleshy portions of the small complexus have 

 their fixed insertion in common with the anterior portion of the great com- 

 plexus : 1, On the transverse processes of the two first dorsal vertebrae, 

 through the medium of aponeurotic digitations which serve as an origin to 

 the last-named muscle ; 2, On the articular tubercles of the cervical vertebras, 

 by the inferior extremity of their component fasciculi. 



Movable attachments. The terminal tendon of the posterior muscle 

 passes to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The anterior passes to 

 the transverse process of the atlas. 



Fig. 103. 



LATERAL VIEW OP THE NECK; MIDDLE LAYER OF MUSCLES. 



1, Funicular portion of the cervical ligament ; 2, Complexus major ; 3, Complexus 

 minor; 4, Eectus capitis posticus major; 5, Rectus capitis posticus minor; 6, 

 Stylo-maxillaris ; 7, Carotid artery; 8, Pneumogastric nerve and branch of 

 sympathetic; 9, Longus colli; 10, Recurrent nerve; 11, Inferior scalenus; 12, 

 Spinalis, or transversalis colli ; 13, Incision through rhomboideus and trapezius ; 

 14, Trachea. 



Relations. Outwardly, with the splenius; inwardly, with the great 

 eomplexus and the oblique muscles of the head. The tendon of the posterior 

 fleshy portion is covered by the mastoid aponeurosis of the mastoido- 

 humeralis. 



Action. The small complexus inclines to its side the head and upper 

 part of the neck. It also acts as an extensor of the head. 1 



1 Bourgelat has described, by the name of long transversal, the anterior portion of this 

 muscle, and attached it to the posterior portion of the splenius. We do not know 

 where to find one or other of these in the crude description of Lafosse and Vitet. Girard 

 considered them, like ourselves, as a single muscle, which he designates the dorso- 

 mastoideus. Rigot has united them with the anterior portion of the great complexus and 

 the foremost fasciculi of the short transverse muscle (inferior branch of the ilio-spinalis), 

 to make his long transversal; in doing so he has only complicated their description. 

 These twu muscular fasciculi, being, to our view, exactly represented, the posterior, at 



