MUSCLES OF TEE TRUNK 193 



6. Transverse Spinous Muscle of the Neck. (Fig. 104, 4.) 



Synonyms. Short spinous Bourgelat. Dorso-spinalis Girard. (Spinalis colli 

 Percivall. Transversalis colli of Man.) 



Situation. Between the great complexus and the cervical ligament, on 

 the laminae of the last five vertebras of the neck. 



Form Structure Attachments. This muscle, a continuation in the 

 cervical region of that of the back and loins, is generally formed of five 

 thick and short fasciculi, strongly aponeurotic, directed forwards, upwards, 

 and inwards. 



These fasciculi, attached by their posterior extremities fixed insertion to 

 the five last articular tubercles of the cervical region, are fixed by their 

 anterior or superior extremities movable insertion into the sixth, fifth, fourth, 

 third, and second spinous processes of that region. 



Eelations. Outwards, with the great complexus; inwards, with the 

 superior branch of the ilio-spinalis and the cervical ligament. By its 

 anterior face, with the laminae of the cervical vertebrae and the interlamellar 

 ligaments. 



Action. An extensor and flexor of the cervical spine. 



7. Intertransversal Muscles of the Neck. (Fig. 104, 9.) 



Synonyms. Intercervicals Girard. (The intertransversalesof Man. Not mentioned 

 by Percivall.) 



These are six small, short, and very tendinous fasciculi, each of which 

 is doubled into two secondary fasciculi, a superior and inferior. They are 

 lodged in the lateral excavations comprised within the transverse and artic- 

 ular processes of the cervical vertebras, and are carried from one vertebra 

 to another, except from the first to the second. Covered by the cervical 

 attachments of the majority of the muscles of the neck, they cover the 

 vertebras to which they are attached, as well as the vertebral arteries and 

 veins, and the intervertebral foramen. They incline the neck to the side. 



8. Great Oblique Muscle of the Head. (Fig. 104, 7.) 

 Synonyms. Axoido-atloideus Girard. (OUiquus capitis inferior Percivall.) 



Form Direction Situation. A short, thick, and broad muscle, oblique 

 forwards and outwardly, and applied to the superior face of the two first 

 vertebrae of the neck. 



Structure and Attachments. Its fibres are nearly all fleshy, parallel to 

 each other, and longer as they become superficial ; they are attached by their 

 posterior extremity fixed insertion to the external face of the spinous 

 process of the axis, and by their anterior extremity movable insertion to the 

 superior surface of the transverse process of the atlas. 



Relations. Outwards, with the splenius, the great and little complexus ; 

 inwards, with the atlas, the axis, and the atlo-axoid articulation ; above, 



least, by the small complexus of anthropotomists, we have thought it proper to give it 

 that name. With regard to the muscle generally termed the small complexus by 

 veterinary anatomists, following the example of Meckel we will describe it as a portion 

 of the great posterior straight muscle of the head. 



(Percivall names Guard's axoido-occipitalis longus the " complexus minor," and hia 

 dorso-mastoideus the. " trachelo-mastoideus." Leyh, following Girard, designates the 

 latter muscle the dorso-mastoideus.) 



