202 THE MUSCLES. 



face a small, bright-red, funicular fasciculus, which proceeds from the cartilage of the 

 first rib, and which Meckel is inclined to consider as the vestige of the subclavius. It 

 is divided, superiorly, into two branches : one, the clavicular portion of the trapezius, 

 very wide, passes to the mastoid process, the curved line of the occipital bone, and to the 

 cervical ligament, in becoming confounded with the trapezium (Fig. 112, 22); the other, 

 the cleido-mastoideus, terminates in a tendon that joins the sterno-suboccipitalis, and is 

 inserted into the basilar process, after receiving the fibres of the long flexor of the head 

 (Fig. 112, 21). The upper extremity of the deep portion of the mastoido-humeralis is 

 inserted into the atlas by a flattened tendon alone, which is quite distinct from the atloid 

 insertions of the splenius and the small complexus. 



In the Sheep and Goat, the costal band that joins the superficial portion is absent. 

 The latter is divided at its inferior extremity into two branches, between which pass the 

 biceps. The upper branch passes to the epitrochlea. 



The sterno-maxillary muscle, instead of being inserted into the inferior maxilla, is 

 united to the suboccipital branch of the mastoido-humeralis, to be attached to the basilar 

 process. At another time we will discuss the determination of this muscle, and that of 

 the fleshy band here considered as belonging to the first (see Spinal Nerve). 



The sterno-hyoid and sterno-thyroid muscles are thicker than in the Horse, and not 

 digastric. 



The subscapulo-hyoideus of Euminants is but slightly developed, and might be termed 

 the trachelo-hyoideus ; as it proceeds to the transverse process of the third or fourth 

 cervical vertebra. In its passage beneath the basilar branch of the mastoido-humeralis 

 and sterno-suboccipitalis (sterno-maxillaris), it contracts adhesions with the fibres of these 

 two muscles. 



The great anterior straight muscle of the head descends to the sixth cervical vertebra. 

 Its cervical insertions are covered by a very strong muscular fasciculus, which is annexed 

 to it. Like it, this fasciculus leaves the sixth cervical vertebra, and is attached to the 

 transverse processes of the four vertebrae preceding the last, by becoming confounded 

 with the intertransversales, and finally terminating at the tracheal process of the atlas by 

 fleshy and aponeurotic fibres. This muscular fasciculus singularly strengthens the neck 

 when it is inclined to one side. In consequenca of its attachments, it might be named the 

 trachelo-atloideus (Fig. 112, 24). 



Lastly, in Ruminants the superior scalenus is very developed, being a flattened band 

 which, gradually expanding, is prolonged to the surface of the serratus magnus. 



2. PIG. In this animal, the cutivularis colli is in two portions : an inferior, which 

 comes from the point of the sternum ; and a superior, from the external scapular region.- 

 They unite in front, and are prolonged in common on the muscles of the face, con- 

 tracting adhesions with the external aspect of the body and the branches of the maxillary 

 bone. 



The other muscles of the inferior cervical region are not unlike those of Ruminants. 



Of the two portions of the mastoido-humeralis, the superficial is bifid at its superior 

 extremity. The posterior branch, the clavicular portion of the trapezius, is attached to- 

 the side of the occipital protuberance; the anterior branch, the cleido-mastoideus, goes 

 beneath the external auditory hiatus, to the crest that replaces the mastoid process; the 

 deep portion is attached above to the atlas only. 



In the Pig, the sterno-maxillaris exactly represents the sterno-mastoideus, as its 

 tendon passes directly to the mastoid process. 



The sterno-thyroideus is double ; the supplementary branch going to the inferior face 

 of the thyroid eus. 



The subscapulo-hyoideus and great anterior straight muscle of the head, resemble those 

 of the Ox. The small straight lateral muscle is scarcely distinct from the small oblique. 

 The superior scalenus extends to the third rib. The two lateral portions of the long, 

 muscle of the neck are separate, and form two distinct muscles. 



3. CARNIVORA. In the Dog, each cuticularis is doubled into two portions, as in the 

 Pig. The fibres from the breast are directed in a diverging manner over the face, the sub- 

 maxillary space, and the parotid gland, where they form the parotido-auricularis muscle. 

 The portion coming from the external scapular region is thicker and wider ; it covers 

 the lateral parts of the neck, the parotid gland, the parotido-auricularis, passes above the 

 preceding, and terminates on the face and in the submaxillary space, where its fibres 

 join those .of the opposite side. 



The mastoido-humeralis comports itself somewhat as in Ruminants and the Pig. The 

 super ficial portion is bifid superiorly ; one of its branches is fixed into the mastoid process 

 the cleido-mastoideus ; the other into the mastoid crest and cervical ligament, in imiting 

 by aponeurosis with the trapezius the clavicular portion, of the trapezius. The deep 

 portion. passes from the atlas to the scapular, spine. 



