262 THE MUSCLES. 



particularly as the apparent difficulty and labour too frequently cause this part to be 

 omitted in the dissecting rooms. 



1. The instruments necessary to remove the hoof are . a scalpel, toe-knife, hammer, 

 and a p.iir of pincers. 



2. The limb should be in a vertical position, held by one or two assistants, and the 

 foot placed on a table, stool, or very solid block of wood. 



3. Pass the scalpel as deeply as possible around the coronet, to separate the wall of 

 the hoof from the organised tissues. 



4. With the knife and hammer, split the wall into four or five pieces by vertical 

 incisions. 



5. When the wall is thus divided, it is sufficient to insert the knife under the frag- 

 ments, and making it serve as a lever, tear them oft'; pincers may also be used for this 

 purpose, each of the pieces being twisted from the sole. 



(3. To remove the sole, the blade of the scalpel should be passed between its upper 

 face and the plantar surface of the third phalanx; afterwards the toe-knife may be 

 inserted in the interval at the bulbs of the frog, so as to slightly raise the external 

 border of the sole. This is then seized by the pincers and pulled off, along with the 

 frog, in a single piece, by a powerful twisting movement, aided by the assistants, who 

 press on the limb in a contrary direction. 



A. Anterior AntibracMal Region, 



In Solipeds, this region includes four extensor muscles. Two act on the 

 entire foot ; these are the anterior extensor and the oblique extensor of the 

 metacarpus. Two others, the anterior and lateral extensor of the phalanges, 

 terminate in the digital region. 



1. Anterior Extensor of the Metacarpus. ('Figs. 119, 11 ; 121, 15; 122, 9.) 



Synonyms. Epicondylo-premetacarpeus Girard. It represents the two external 

 radials of Man. (Extensor metacarpi magnus Percivnll, Humero-metacarpeus 

 Leyh.) 



Situation Direction Form Structure. The anterior extensor of the 

 metacarpus, situated in front of the radius, in an almost vertical direction, 

 is composed of a muscular body and a tendon. The first has the form of an 

 inverted cone, is intersected by some aponeurotic lamellae, and is composed 

 of muscular fibres slightly arciform at their superior extremities. The 

 second, at first rounded, then flattened, commences below the middle third 

 of the radius, and succeeds the inferior extremity of the muscular portion. 



Attachments. This muscle has its fixed insertion : 1, By the upper ex- 

 tremity of its fleshy fibres, on the crest that limits, behind and below, the 

 furrow of torsion of the humerus ; 2, Above and in front of the inferior 

 articular surface of the humerus, by means of a strong fibrous band common 

 to it and the anterior extensor of the phalanges, and which expands on the 

 deep face of these two muscles in becoming intimately united with the 

 capsular ligament of the elbow articulation. Its movable insertion takes 

 place on the anterior and superior tuberosity of the large metacarpal bone, 

 by the inferior extremity of its tendon. 



Relations. The muscular portion is covered by the antibrachial 

 aponeurosis and the short extensor of the fore-arm. It covers the anterior 

 face of the radius, as well as the elbow articulation ; outwards and behind, 

 it is in contact with the inferior extremity of the short flexor of the fore- 

 arm or brachialis anticup, whose aponeurosis adheres intimately to the 

 arciform portion of the fibres of the anterior extensor of the metacarpus, 

 and appears to attach this muscle to the deltoid imprint. Its tendon 

 covers a small portion of the anterior aspect of the radius, and enters the 

 internal vertical groove channeled in front of the inferior extremity of that 

 bone ; afterwards it passes over the capsular ligament of the carpus, and is 



