THE MOUTH. 



357 



Fig. 162. 



remarked, in front and in the middle, near the pad that replaces the upper incisor t< eth 

 a kind of T, the stem of wliich is directed forwards, and at the extremity of whose 

 branches is a very narrow aperture, the buccal opening of Jacobson's canal. This will 

 be described with the nasal cavities. 



4. Tongue. The tongue of the Ox is distinguished by the enormous development of 

 the muscles composing it, It is garnished with conical papillae which have a horny 

 sheath, and whose summits, inclining backwards, give the tongue a very rough feel. 

 In this animal it serves for the prehension of food; its mobility is very great, and it can 

 be carried into the nostrils with ease. (The body of the organ is rounder, and the point 

 finer than in the Horse The calicyform papillae are spread over the whole of its dorsal 

 surface ; and at the root, on the middle line, is a somewhat deep groove.) 



The tongue of the Sheep and Goat is smaller, proportionally, than that of Solipeds. 



5. Soft Palate. It may be 

 said, in a general manner, that 

 the palatine prolongment is 

 shorter than in Solipeds. (The 

 isthmus of the fauces is wider, 

 however, and the amygdalae, very 

 developed, are situated in the 

 two large depressions formed on 

 the sides of the soft palate by 

 the folding of the mucous mem- 

 brane.) 



6. Teeth. The .teeth of the 

 Ox are thirty-two' in number, 

 twenty-four of which are molars, 

 arranged as in the Horse, and 

 eight incisors belonging to the 

 lower jaw. The latter are re- 

 placed in the upper jaw by a 

 thick cartilaginous pad, covered 

 by the mucous membrane of the 

 mouth ; this pad forms the gum, 

 and furnishes a bearing for the 

 incisors of the lower jaw. Some- 

 times, as in the Horse, there are 

 found supplementary molars, 

 which, if four in number, will 

 make up the whole to thirty-six ; 

 though they are never all present 

 at one time, as the supplementary 

 ones are shed before the molar 

 dentition is completed. 



The composition of the Ox's 

 teeth is the same as those of the 

 Horse, the only difference being 

 in the arrangement of the several 

 substances. 



INCISOKS. " The incisors, 

 eight in number, are placed en 

 clavier (like a key-board) at the 

 extremity of the kind of rounded 

 shoulder-bone by which the max- 

 illary bone terminates, forming 

 around this point a perfect circle 

 when they have acquired their 

 full development. 



"Instead of being fixed in 

 the alveoli, as in Solipeds, they 

 possess a certain degree of mo- 

 bility, sometimes mistaken for a diseased condition; this is necessary in order to 

 prevent their wounding the cartilaginous pad of the upper jaw against which they 

 press. They are divided, according to their position, into two pincers, two first inter- 

 mediates, two second intermediates, and two corner incisors. 



" Each incisor offers for consideration two parts : one free, the other encased, con- 

 26 



THE TEETH OF THE OX. 



1, Upper jaw, with a, the friction surface, and 6, the 

 external surface; 2, Lower jaw, with a, the dental 

 tables, and, &, the external face. 



