THE MOUTH. 359 



MOLARS. " As in Solipeds, the molars are six in each sine of the jaws, but they are 

 much smaller, and form a much shorter arcade. Their reciprocal volume is far from 

 being as uniform as in the Horse, but goes on augmenting from the first to the sixth ; and 

 to such a degree, that the space occupied by the three anterior molars is only about one- 

 half of that required for the three posterior ones ; the last molar alone occupies nearly 

 four times as much spuce, lengthwise, aa the first. 



" Their wearing surface, constructed on the same system as that of the Horse's molars 

 presents eminences a little more acute." 



The arrangement of their three constituents is in principle the same as in the latter 

 animal. 



u As in the Horse, the three front molars are deciduous. 



* The teeth of the Sheep and Goat are, like those of the Ox, thirty-two in number, 

 divided into eight incisors and twenty-four molars, to which are sometimes added 

 supplementary molars. 



" The incisors of the smaller Euminants are not disposed like a key-board, as in the 

 Ox, but stand up to form a grip, resting against the pad on the upper jaw much more 

 by their extremity than by their inner surface. 



" They are, besides, narrow, have scarcely any neck, and are fixed more solidly in the 

 alveoli (fig. 164). 



" Their external face is white and polished, and is encased towards the gum in a 

 kind of black cement. 



"The internal face has two wide, longitudinal grooves, separated towards the middle 

 of the table by a simple ridge, which replaces the conical eminence of the Ox's incisor. 

 These grooves are nearly always lined with the black cement-like substance. 



''The incisors of the Sheep are, like the Ox's, distinguished into temporary and 

 replacing teeth ; the first are known from the others by 

 their smallness, and particularly by their narrowness. Fig- 



"The wear of the incisors in the Sheep, from their 

 position, ought to take place nearer the anterior border 

 than in the Ox ; the dental star is observed more 

 promptly, and always forms a narrower line from before to 

 behind. 



*' The absence of a neck in these teeth is the reason 

 why they never appear to separate with wear, as has been 

 remarked in the Ox. 



" The molars have the greatest resemblance, in their INCISOR TEETH OF A SHEEP 

 general form and relative proportions, to those of the Ox." TWO YEARS OLD. 



PIG. "1. Lips. In this animal the lips are widely T h e sec ond intermediates and 

 cleft. The lower is pointed and little developed ; the upper t ^ e corner incisors have not 

 is confounded with the snout, which will be described y e ^ ^ een replaced, 

 with the nostrils." (The upper lip has but little mobility.) 



" 2. Cheeks. These are small and thin, and the mucous membrane smooth. 



"3. Palate. Narrow and elongated, it is disposed as iu the Horse. In front is seen 

 the orifices of Jacobson's canals." (The transverse ridges are twenty to twenty-two in 

 number, the anterior being larger than the posterior, and their free borders are united). 



"4. Tongue.^-5. Soft Palaie. These two organs are the same as in the smaller 

 Euminants, except that the filiform papillae are perhaps less developed." (The isthmus 

 of the fauces is circular, and the posterior pillars are confounded with the mucous 

 membrane at the upper part of the oesophagus. Its anterior surface has several conical 

 eminences in the middle, and the amygdalae are little rounded elevations.) 



" 6. Teeth. The Pig has forty-four teeth, which are divided into twelve incisors, 

 four canines, and twenty-eight molars" (fi. 165). 



" The incisors, six in each jaw, exhibit very remarkable differences between each 

 other. The pincers and the intermediates of the upper jaw offer, by their form and the 

 cavity they show on their table, some analogy to those of the Horse. In the lower 

 jaw, these teeth are straight, directed forwards, and benr some resemblance to the 

 incisors of rodent animals. The corner incisors of both jaws are isolated between tl.e 

 intermediate and canine teeth, and are not nearly so voluminous as the other incisors. 



"The tusks are very developed, particularly in the male, and cross each other during 

 the life of the animal ; they project from the mouth, and form a very dangerous weapon 

 in the wild boar. The primary canines are deciduous like the incisors. 



" The molars, seven in each row, increase in volume from the first to the last, which 

 is very strong. Their tables hold a middle place, with regard to disposition, between 

 that of the Carnivora and Herbivora. 



"CARNIVORA. 1. Lips. The Carnivora, like the Pig, do not use their lips to grasp 



