360 



THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS IN MAMMALIA. 



tlieir food, and they are therefore thin, though movable. The upper lip of the Dog has 

 a groove in the middle line, and it covers the lower lip more or less at the sides 

 according to the breed. The lower lip is always scalloped on its free border near the 

 commissures, which are very high. In the Cat, the hairy tentaculse are collected on 

 the upper lip into two long lateral tufts, the moustaches ; they are very sensitive and 

 movable. 



" 2. Cheeks. 3. Palate. The cheeks resemble those of the Pig ; the palate that of 

 Ruminants. The mucous membrane is often stained by patches of pigment, especially on 

 the palate." (The latter is frequently quite black. The number of ridges varies from 

 seven to nine. Jacobson's canal opens behind the incisors.) 



"4. Tongue. This is thin and very movable. The papilla? on its upper face vary 

 somewhat in the Cat and Dog. In the former, the filiform papilla? on the anterior two- 



Fig. 165. 



THE TEETH OF THE PIG. 



1, Upper teeth, table surface ; 2, Lower teeth, table aspect ; 3, Lateral view of the jaws. 



thirds of the tongue are covered by a very strong horny sheath, whose point is directed 

 backwards. In the Dog these papillae are less developed, and there are observed, more 

 particularly, a number of composite filiform papilla whose divisions are very flexible. 

 There also are found regularly disposed among these, white shining epithelial particle's 

 which correspond to the fungiform papilla?. 



" At the base of the tongue of Carnivora, and within the anterior pillars of the soft 

 palate, are two elongated bodies with rounded extremities and a bosselated slippery 

 surface; these are veritable amygdalx, formed by an agglomeration of closed follicles. 



"5. Soft Palate, In the Dog and Cat, the soft palate is very short, and the 

 isthmus of the fauces wide. Consequently, these creatures breathe easily by the mouth, 

 and expel matters by it from the stomach during vomiting. At its free border the soft 

 palate shows a small prolongation, something like the uvula. 



