THE STOMACH. 395 



lobe of the right sac ; above, it receives the insertion of the oesophagus, and is continuous^ 

 in front, with the reticulum. 



Relations The external form of the rumen being determined, the study ot its 

 relations becomes easy. By its superior surface, it is in contact with the intestinal 

 mass ; its opposite face rests on the inferior abdominal wall. Its left border, supporting 

 the spleen, touches the most elevated part of the flank and the sublumbar region, to 



portion 



circumvolutions. The anterior extremity, bounded by the reticulum and omasum, 

 advances close to tlie diaphragm ; the posterior occupies the entrance to the pelvic 

 cavity, where it is more or less in contact with the genito-urinary oigans lodged there. 

 In the pregnant female, the uterus is prolonged forwards on the upper face of the viscus 



Interior (Fig. 193). In the interior of the rumen are found incomplete septa, which 

 repeat the division into two sacs already so marked externally. These septa are two in 



Fig. 193. 



INTERIOR OF THE STOMACH IN RUMINANTS; THE UPPER PLANE OF THE RUMEN 

 AND RETICULUM, WITH THE (ESOPHAGEAL FURROW. 



A, Left sac of the rumen; B," Anterior extremity of that sac turned back on the 

 right sac ; C, Its posterior extremity, or left conical cyst ; G, Section of the 

 anterior pillar of the rumen ; g, g, Its two superior branches ; H, Posterior pillar 

 of the same ; h, h, h, Its three inferior branches ; I, Cells of the reticulum ; J, 

 (Esophageal furrow ; K, (Esophagus ; L, Abomasum. 



number, and represent large muscular pillars, which correspond inferiorly to the 

 notches described at the extremities of the organ. The anterior pillar (Fig. 193, G) 

 sends to the inferior wall of the rumen a strong prolongation, directed backwards, and 

 to the left ; it is continued on the superior wall by two branches, which separate at an 

 acute angle. The posterior pillar (Fig. 193, H), more voluminous than the preceding, 

 has three branches at each of its extremities a middle and two lateral. The middle 

 branches are carried forwards on the limit of the two sacs, which they separate from one 

 another ; that from above meets the corresponding branch from the anterior pillar The 



