THE INTESTINES. 



417 



Fig. 210. 



capacity, M. Colin gives the following averages : for the Dog's small intestine, 1 quart ; 

 that of the Cat, l-4th of a pint ; the large intestine in the Dog, nearly 1 quart, and in the 

 Cat, a trifle more than l-4th of a pint. 



The small intestine, suspended at the extremity of a mesentery similar to that of 

 Solipeds, rests on the inferior abdominal wall. It is distinguished by the thickness of 

 its parietes, the length and number of its villosities, which cover its inner surface, and 

 which are even found accumulated on Peyer's patches. These latter number about 20 

 in the Dog, and 5 or 6 in the Cat. The ceecum forms only a small, spirally-twisted 

 appendix, lined by a plicated and very follicular mucous membrane, particularly in the 

 Cat, which shows at the bottom of the cul-de-sac a true Peyer's gland. 



The colon is scarcely larger than the small intestine, and is neither sacculated nor 

 furnished with longitudinal bands. In its short course, it is disposed somewhat like the 

 same intestine in Man ; and, as in him, it may be divided into the ascending (Fig. 209, /), 

 transverse (g), and descending colon (/&), which is continued directly with the rectum. 



Near the anus, this latter viscus presents on its sides two narrow apertures leading 

 to two glandular pouches, which are filled with a brownish matter, that has a strong and 

 fetid odour, and which is secreted by the glands covering the internal wall of these 

 diveiticuli. 



(Measurements of the intes- 

 tines, always a subject of interest 

 to comparative anatomists, have 

 been frequently made by different 

 authorities. Leyh gives the length 

 of the Horse s intestines as from 

 10 to 12 times that of its body . 

 those of the Ox as from 20 to 22 

 times ; the Sheep and Goat from 

 26 to 28 times ; the Pig from 15 

 to 17 times ; the Dog from 4 J to 

 5J times; and the Cat from 4 to 

 5 times. 



According to Hering, the entire 

 length of the intestines of the 

 Horse averages 100 Wurtemburg 

 feet, 70 of which are for the small 

 intestine, and 30 for the large. In 

 the Ox they are 150 feet, 120 being 

 for the small intestine, and 30 

 for the large ; in the Sheep they 

 average 90 feet, 65 to 70 being 

 allowed for the small intestine; 

 those of the Goat measure 95, 

 the small intestine being 70 ; in 

 the Pig they are 90 feet, 72 of 

 which are for the small intestine, 

 and 18 for the large ; large-sized 

 Dogs averaged from 23 to 27 feet, 

 20 to 22 of which were for the 

 small intestine ; small dogs had 

 only 6 feet in many instances. 

 The Cat has from 4 to 5 feet.) 



THE HUMAN INTESTINES AND SUPERIOR MESENTERIC 

 COMPARISON OF THE INTESTINES OP ARTERY. 



MAN "WITH THOSE OP ANIMALS. 



Not unfrequently the small 

 intestine of Man is divided into 

 duodenum and small intestine 

 proper. The duodenum is from 

 9 to 11 inches; is dilated at its 

 origin, and firmly attached to the 

 posterior face of the liver by a 

 peritoneal fold, and to the right 

 of the sublumbar region by con- 

 nective tissue. It describes the arc of a circle, in the concavity of which is lodged tl.e 

 right extremity of the pancreas, and not the caecum as in Solipeds. 



1 , Descending portion of the duodenum ; 2, Transverse 

 portion ; 3, Pancreas ; 4, Jejunum ; 5, lleum ; 6, 

 Caecum and appendix vermiformis ; 7, Ascending 

 colon ; 8, Transverse colon ; 9, Descending colon ; 

 10, Superior mesenteric artery; 11, Colica media; 

 12, The branch that inosculates with the colica 

 sinistra ; 13, Pancreatico-duodenalis inferior ; 14, 

 Colica dextra; 15, Ileo-colica ; 16, 16, Vasa intes- 

 tinis tenuis. 



