436 



THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS IN BIEDS. 



Fig. 221. 



GENEKAL VIEW OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS OF A FOWL. 



The abdominal muscles 

 have been removed, as 

 well as the sternum, 

 heart, trachea, the 

 greater portion of the 

 neck, and all the head 

 except the lower jaw, 

 which has been turned 

 back to show the tongue, 

 the pharynx, and the 

 entrance to the larynx. 

 The left lobe of the 

 liver, succentric ven- 

 tricle, gizzard, and in- 

 testinal mass, have been 

 pushed to the right to 

 exhibit the different 

 portions of the alimen- 

 tary canal, and to ex- 

 pose the ovary and ovi- 

 duct. 



1, Tongue; 2, Pharynx', 

 3, First portion of the 

 oesophagus ; 4, Crop ; 

 5, Second portion of the 

 oesophagus ; 6, Succen- 

 tric ventricle ; 7, Giz- 

 zard ; 8, Origin of the 

 duodenum ; 9, First 

 branch of the duodenal 

 flexure ; 10, Second 

 branch of the same, 

 11, Origin of the float- 

 ing portion of the small 

 intestine ; 12, Small 

 intestine ; 12', Terminal 

 portion of this intestine, 

 flanked on each side 

 by the two caeca (re- 

 garded as the analogue 

 of the colon of mam- 

 mals) 5 13, 13, Free 

 extremities of the cae- 

 cums; 14, Insertion of 

 these two culs-de-sac 

 into the intestinal 

 tube ; 15, Rectum ; 16, 

 Cloaca; 17, Anus; 18, 

 Mesentery ; 19, Left 

 lobe of the liver; 20, 

 Right lobe; 21, Gall- 

 bladder; 22, Insertion 

 of the pancreatic and 

 biliary ducts; the two 

 pancreatic ducts are the 

 anteriormost, the cho- 

 ledic or hepatic is in the 

 middle, and the cystic 

 duct is posterior; 23, 

 Pancreas ; 24, Dia- 

 phragmatic aspect of 

 the lung; 25, Ovary 

 (in a state of atrophy ; 

 26, Oviduct. 



