THE LUNGS. 



471 



of which one, an anterior, is curved in front of the heart. The annexed figure shows 

 this peculiarity. 



In the Pig, the lungs comport themselves like those of Ruminants. 



In the Dog and Cat, there is no well- 

 marked fissure in either lung towards the Fig. 241. 

 heart, which causes that organ to be almost ' 

 completely enveloped by pulmonary tissue. 

 The left lung has three lobes, and the right 

 four, separated from one another by deep 

 furrows, which are generally prolonged to 

 the root. The lobules are small, very close, 

 and the pulmonary tissue is exceedingly 

 compact. (The pulmonary vesicles are pro- 

 portionately larger than in Ruminants.) * 



COMPARISON OF THE LARYNX, TRACHEA, AND 

 LUNGS OF MAN WITH THOSE OF ANIMALS. 



1. Larynx. The human larynx is pro- 

 portionally shorter and wider than that of 

 animals. The principal cartilages are those 

 which have been already studied; but there 

 are, besides, small cartilaginous bodies, to 

 which special names have been given : these 

 are the cartilages of Santorini and of Wris- 

 berg. The facets on the cricoid for articu- 

 lation with the thyroid are placed on the 

 small cornua detached from the external face 

 of the cartilage. The thyroid is wide, and 

 protects the anterior face of the larynx ; the 

 angle formed by the alse, which is more 

 marked in the male than the female, is very 

 prominent, and is named the pomum Adaini. 

 Tne epiglottis is short, broad in its middle, 

 and rounded at its summit, something like 

 that of the Carnivora. The muscles are the 

 same in number and disposition as in these 

 animals ; but there is distinguished an 

 oblique arytenoideus a fasciculus of the 

 arytenoid, which crosses its fellow to form 

 an X in passing from the upper 

 border of one arytenoid cartilage 

 to the lower border of the other. 



LUNG OF THE SHEEP; INFERIOR VIEW. 



1, Right lung; 2, Left lung; 3, Trachea; 

 4, Heart ; 5, Carotid arteries ; 6, Posterior 

 vena cava. 



Fig. 242. 



1, Right ventricle ; 2, Left ventricle; 

 3, Right auricle ; 4, Left auricle ; 

 5, Pulmonary artery; 6, Right 

 pulmonary artery; 7, Left pul- 

 monary artery ; 8, Ligament of 

 ductus arteriosus ; 9, Arch of 

 aorta; 10, Superior vena cava; 

 11, Arteria innominata ; 12, Right 

 subclavian vein, with the artery 

 behind it ; 13, Right common 

 carotid artery and vein ; 14, Left 

 vena innominata; 15, Left caro- 

 tid artery and vein ; 16, Left 

 subclavian vein and artery; 17, 

 Trachea ; 18, Right bronchus ; 

 19, Left bronchus ; 20, 20, Pul- 

 monary veins ; 21, Superior lobe 

 of right lung ; 22, Middle lobe ; 

 23, Inferior lobe ; 24, Superior 

 lobe of left lung; 25, Inferior 

 lobe. 



HUMAN LUNGS AND HEART; FRONT VIEW. 



