THE COMMON CAROTID ARTEEIES. 591 



Superficial temporal artery. After a brief course behind the temporo-maxillary articula- 

 tion, this vessel bifurcates : its posterior or auricular branch anastomosing with a division 

 of the posterior auricular, but nut before it has sent ramuscules to the interior of the 

 concha, and furnished some rnusculo-cutaneous twigs. The other, the anterior or temporal 

 branch, glides beneath the aponeurosis of the temporal muscle, above the upper margin 

 of the zygomatic arch, and winds upwards and inwards around the outline of the orbit, 

 to terminate on the face by anastomosing ramuscules, either with the infra-orbital branch 

 of the superior dental artery, or with the facial. In its subaponeurotic course, it gives 

 divisions to the temporal muscle. Above the orbital arch, it emits several superficial 

 ascending and internal twigs, one of the principal of which communicates by ramuscules 

 with the posterior auricular artery, the auricular branch of the superficial temporal, and 

 with the homologous ramuscules from the opposite side. 



Internal maxillary artery. The course pursued by this vessel is similar to that it 

 follows in the Horse. After describing an S curvature between the condyle of the 

 maxillary bone and external pterygoid muscle, it traverses the subsphenoidal canal, 

 and passes outside the internal pterygoid towards the maxillary hiatus, where it is con- 

 tinued by the superior dental artery. 



a. The following are the principal collateral branches emitted by this vessel : 



1. The inferior dental artery. 



2. The deep posterior temporal artery, which furnishes a masseteric branch that 

 traverses the sigmoid notch of the maxillary bone to enter the rnasseter muscle. 



3. A fine tympanic twig. 



4. The spheno-spinous artery, almost entirely destined to the formation of the plexus 

 of the cerebral arteries. 



5. Several pteryyoid arteries. 



6. The ophthalmic artery, which, before entering the ethmoidal fossa by the orbital 

 foramen, gives, independently of the branches noted in Solipeds except the supra-orbital, 

 which is absent a fasciculus of particular branches. These penetrate the cranium by the 

 great sphenoidal fissure, accompanying the motor and sensory nerves of the eye, to join 

 the internal carotid and spheno-spinous arteries. 



7. The deep anterior temporal artery. 



8. A staphylin artery, more voluminous than that in the Horse. 



9. The palatine artery. 



10. A buccal and an alveolar artery, whose principal divisions enter Duvernoy's gland. 



b. The superior dental artery, which terminates the internal maxillary, and furnishes 

 an orbital and an infra-orbital branch, as in Solipeds. The latter, remarkable for its 

 volume, emerges from the supermaxillary canal with the infra-orbital nerves, to join the 

 divisions of the external maxillary artery on the face, and in the tissue of the upper lip. 



2. Carotid Arteries in the Pig. 



There is nothing particular to notice regarding the course of these vessels, which we 

 know arise separately from the brachio-cephalic trunk. 



Occipital artery. In its distribution, it greatly resembles the same vessel in the Horse 

 and Dog. Its most important branches are the following : 1, A very small retrograde artery, 

 anastomosing with the vertebral ; 2, A branch which mounts into the muscles of the 

 neck, representing the mastoid artery ; 3, Several occipital twigs, which pass, with the 

 principal artery, by the anterior foramen of the atlas. This artery is expended in a 

 complete manner in the muscles of the neck, and without sending a cerebro-spinal branch 

 to the interior of the spinal canal. 



Internal carotid artery. After furnishing a large meningeal artery, this vessel enters 

 the cranium by the posterior lacerated foramen, and there divides to form a re'seau 

 admirable, analogous to that of Kuminants, and of which a description will be given 

 hereafter. The cerebral arteries arising from this re'seau differ but little from those of 

 Solipeds ; these are the posterior cerebral arteries, which give rise to the basilar trunk, 

 and originate the median spinal artery. 



External carotid artery. This artery is seen to pass between the pterygoid muscles 

 and the branch of the maxillary, in describing several inflexions, and arrives in the 

 maxillary hiatus, without exhibiting in its course any sensible distinction between the 

 external carotid, properly called, and its continuation, the internal maxillary artery. 



Among the branches it supplies, we notice : 



1. The lingual artery, more voluminous, perhaps, than in the other animals. 



2. A branch analogous, in its origin at least, to the glosso-facial artery of the Horse, 

 and which distributes its ramuscules in the intermaxillary space, and particularly to the 

 salivary and lymphatic gland 



