592 THE ARTERIES. 



3. The posterior auricular artery, noticeable for its great length and considerable 

 volume. 



4. The transverse artery of the face and the anterior auricular artery, arising separately 

 beside eat- h other, and extremely slender. 



5. Several deep temporal and masseteric arteries. 



6. Pteryyoid branches. 



7. An en< >rmous buccal branch. 



8. The ophthalmic artery, concurring to form the re'seau admirable. 



9. A small orbital branch, coming from the superior dental artery in Solipeds and 

 Carnivora. 



10. The nasal, palatine, and superior dental arteries. 



3. Carotid Arteries of Ruminants. 



A. In the Sheep, which will serve as a type for this description, the carotid arteries 

 arise by a common trunk from the right axillary artery, as in iSolipeds. Arriving in the 

 cephalic region, towards the upper part of the neck, they furnish a thyroid and a 

 laryngeal branch, then give off a very slender occipital artery, and are continued from this 

 point by the external carotid. 



The internal carotid, properly called, is absent, and we will see immediately how it is 

 compensated for. 



Occipital artery. Having given some ramuscules to the anterior recti muscles of the 

 head, and a small meningeal branch which enters the cranium by the posterior lacerated 

 foramen, this vessel passes into the condyloM foramen, which also affords a passage to 

 the hypoglossal nerve, places itself beneath the dura mater, and is inflected backward to 

 open into the anterior extremity of the collateral artery of the spine, at the superior 

 foramen of the atlas. The branch resulting from this junction emerges by that foramen, 

 to be distributed in the muscles of the neck, where its divisions resemble those of the 

 occipito-muscular and atloido-muscular branches in the Horse. 



In traversing the condyloid foramen, the occipital artery sends into the parieto- 

 temporal canal, by a peculiar bony conduit (see page 56), a very small filament which 

 is distributed to the dura mater, in anastomosing with a branch of the posterior auricular. 



It communicates, after its entrance into the cranial cavity, with the re'seau admirable. 



External carotid artery. Terminated, as in the Horse, by the superficial temporal and 

 internal maxillary arteries, this vessel sends off on its course : 



1. A pharyngeal artery, whose origin is nearly confounded with that of the occipital 

 artery. 



2. The lingual artery, furnishing a collateral branch which exactly represents the 

 submental of Man, and is divided into two branches, which resemble the sublingual and 

 ranine arteries. 



3. A large division for the maxillary gland. 



4. The posterior auricular artery, from which proceeds: 1, The stylo-inastoid twig, 

 which penetrates the aqueduct of Fallopius ; 2, Concho-muscular branches ; 3, A large 

 branch, resembling the mastoid artery of the Horse. This enters the temporo-parietal 

 canal by a small foramen between the occipital and petrous portion of the temporal 

 bone, and forms two branches: an external, emerging from, this canal by the wide 

 orifice in the temporal fossa, and expending itself in the temporal muscle, after anas- 

 tomosing with the two deep temporal arteries ; and an internal, a considerable 

 meningeal artery, destined principally to the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli. 



5. A small maxillo-muscular artery, ramifying entirely in the internal pterygoid and 

 the subcutaneous muscles. 



Superficial temporal artery. This vessel divides, almost at its origin, into three 

 branches : 



1. A posterior, supplying the anterior arteries of the ear. 



2. An anterior, forming the transversal faciei, and terminating by the coronary or 

 labial arteries, after giving some ramuscules to the masseter and the muscles of the 

 forehead. 



3. A median artery, representing the middle temporal of Man. This vessel detaches 

 some divisions to the temporal muscle, gives off the lachrymal artery, as well as a 

 palpebral branch rising from the same point, and terminates near the base of the cranium 

 by two particular arteries which a e developed around the base of the horn, and form a 

 real arterial circle from which inferior and superior divisions are given off. The latter 

 are the most considerable, and glide on the bony core of the frontal appendage, where 

 they are distributed almost exclusively to the generating membrane of the horny tissue, 

 only throwing some filaments into the sinuses. 



