THE GREAT SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. 785 



division which follows the spheno-spinal artery passes to the otic ganglion ; 

 the same takes place, no doubt, in animals. 



c. The guttural or pharyngeal filaments, arising from the anterior border 

 of the ganglion and the inferior carotidean fasciculus, are generally very 

 delicate. Those which reach the superior wall of the pharynx concur, with 

 the glosso-pharyngeal and the pneumogastric, to form the pharyngeal plexus. 



B. INTERMEDIATE CORD OF THE Two CERVICAL GANGLIA. This cord 

 leaves the inferior extremity of the superior cervical ganglion, lies close 

 beside the pneumogastric nerve, which always surpasses it in volume, and 

 descends to the entrance of the thorax, where it separates from the vagus 

 nerve, and joins the inferior cervical ganglion. It neither receives or gives 

 off any branch in its course. 



C. INTERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION (Fig. 362, 2). Generally thicker 

 than the superior, this ganglion is placed within the costal insertion of the 

 inferior scalenus. The right, always a little more anterior than the other, 

 is applied immediately against the side of the trachea. That of the left side 

 is separated from it by the oesophagus. Both are related, externally to the 

 vertebral artery. 



The inferior cervical ganglion is very liable to vary, and, become 

 irregular in form. It is sometimes lenticular, at others more or less 

 elongated, always stellate, and not unfrequently double. In the latter case, 

 which is perhaps more frequent in the left than the right, its two portions 

 are distinguished into anterior and posterior: the last forms the inferior 

 cervical ganglion, properly called (Fig. 362, 2) : the former is much smaller, 

 and is bound to the other by a wide and short greyish band, constituting 

 what has been designated in Man the middle cervical ganglion (Fig. 362, 3). 



In front, the ganglion which we are describing receives the cord inter- 

 mediate to the two ganglionic enlargements in the region of the neck, either 

 directly, or through the medium of the middle cervical ganglion, when that 

 is present. It is continued backwards with the dorsal portion of the 

 sympathetic chain. 



AFFERENT BRANCHES. These are two, proceeding from the cervical pairs. 



One is a thick nerve, satellite to the cervical vertebral artery, and lodged 

 with it in the foramina of the cervical vertebras ; it is formed by filaments 

 emanating from the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh pairs of 



1 to 2, Cervical portion of the sympathetic chain ; 1, Superior cervical ganglion, in 

 the middle of the guttural plexus ; 2, Inferior cervical ganglion ; 3, Middle 

 cervical ganglion ; 4, Intermediate cervical cord, intimately united at its middle 

 portion with the pneumogastric nerve ; 5, Cardiac nerves ; 6, Dorsal portion of the 

 sympathetic chain ; 7, Great splanchnic nerve ; 8, Lesser splanchnic nerve ; 9, 

 Semilunar ganglion, centre of the solar plexus ; 10, Portion of the hepatic artery 

 encircled by its plexus;. 11, The splenic artery, ditto; 12, The gastric artery, 

 ditto, 13, The anterior mesenteric artery, ditto; 14, Kidney, elevated, receiving 

 the renal plexus ; 15, The suprarenal capsule with its plexus ; 16, Lumbo-aortic 

 plexus ; 17, Lumbar portion of the sympathetic chain ; 18, Posterior mesenteric 

 plexus; 19, Branches from it passing to the anterior mesenteric plexus; 20, 

 Spermatic plexus; 21, Branches going to the pelvic plexus; 22, Sacral portion of 

 the sympathetic chain ; 23, Pelvic plexus ; 24, Afferent branches furnished to the 

 sympathetic by the spinal pairs ; 24', The cord which receives six of the cervical 

 ramuscules; 25, Pneumogastric nerve; 26, Superior laryngeal ; the pharyngeal 

 branch is seen to be detached from the pneumogastric a little below ; 27, Inferior 

 laryngeal nerve of the right side ; 28, That of the left side at the point where 

 it bends round the arch of the aorta ; 29, Nerves of the bronchial plexus ; 30, 

 Superior cesophageal branch; 31, Inferior ditto; 32, Spinal nerve; 33, Hypo- 

 glossal nerve ; 34, Glos?o-pharyngeal nerve, represented too thick. 



