LEMON. 219 



of its pulp, and prepared with clarified syrup. Lemonade 

 and lemon-ices are 'as well known in the present day as 

 punch was in the last age. The yellow peel of the lemon 

 is an agreeable aromatic ; and, in cold phlegmatic con- 

 stitutions it proves an excellent stomachic and carmina- 

 tive, warming the habit and strengthening the tone of 

 the viscera. 



Lemons are cooling and grateful to the stomach, allay- 

 ing thirst, and increasing appetite ; they are also useful in 

 fevers, even malignant and pestilential. The juice, mixed 

 with salt of wormwood, is an excellent medicine to stop 

 vomiting, and to strengthen the stomach. The efficacy 

 of lemon-juice in preventing the sea-scurvy, has long 

 been recommended. Sir James Lancaster, in his voyage 

 in 1601, carried with him several bottles of lemon-juice, 

 and, by giving his sailors a few table-spoonsful in the 

 morning, kept off this disorder. 



In Captain Cook's voyages great benefit was derived 

 from lemon and orange-juice, which were found in the 

 sea-scurvy to be very efficacious. 



Dr. Willich states, that the largest dose of opium may 

 be checked in its narcotic effects, if a proper quantity of 

 citric acid be taken with it; and that, with this adjunct, 

 it induces cheerfulness instead of stupefaction, and is 

 succeeded by gentle and refreshing sleep. 



In Sicily, the juice of lemons forms an important ar- 

 ticle of commerce, it being considered the most valuable 

 remedy for the scurvy in long voyages. It is also very 

 extensively used by calico-printers, as a discharger of 

 colour, to produce with more clearness and effect the 

 white figured parts of coloured patterns, dyed with colours 

 formed from iron. 



When Gibraltar was besieged or blocked up in the au- 

 tumn of 1780, vegetables had become so scarce, that a 

 small cabbage sold for five shillings: hence the scurvy 



