CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Introduction i 



Introductory embryology 6 



Histology 1 6 



Epithelial tissues 17 



Nervous tissues 19 



Muscular tissues 20 



Connective tissues 21 



Comparative morphology of vertebrates 25 



Integument 25 



Skeleton 37 



Dermal skeleton 39 



Endoskeleton 42 



Vertebral column 44 



Ribs 53 



Sternum 56 



Episternum 59 



Skull 59 



Skull of cyclostomes 75 



Skull of elasmobranchs 76 



Skull of teleostomes 77 



Skull of amphibia 82 



Skull of reptiles 87 



Skull of birds 95 



Skull of mammals 98 



Appendicular skeleton 102 



Median appendages 103 



Paired appendages 103 



Shoulder girdle 105 



Pelvic girdle 109 



Free appendages 114 



Ccelom (body cavities) 120 



Muscular system 124 



Parietal muscles 125 



Visceral muscles 132 



Dermal muscles 134 



Diaphragm 135 



Electrical organs 135 



Nervous system 137 



Central nervous system 138 



Spinal cord 138 



vii 



