SKELETON. 



117 



the phalanges. These separate parts are included in the accompany- 

 ing table, in which the terms given to the separate elements of the wrist 

 and ankle of man are included. 



FORE LIMB 

 Upper arm (Branchium) 



Fore arm (Antebrachium 



Naviculare 



(Scaphoid) 

 Lunatum 

 Triquetrum 



Pisiforme 



(ARM) 



HIND LIMB (LEG) 



podium J Multangulum 



Wrist majus 



(Carpus) (Trapezium) 



Multangulum 



minus 



(Trapezoides) 

 Capita turn 



Hamatum 

 Palm f 

 (Metapo- J 

 dium) 



Fingers (Phalanges) 



Humerus = Femur 

 Radius = Tibia 

 Ulna = Fibula 

 Radiale=Tibiale 



Intermedium = Intermedium 



Ulnare = Tibiale 

 Centrale^ 2 = Centrale 1 + 2 



Carpale 1 =Tarsale 1 



Carpale 2 = Tarsale 2 



Carpale 3 =Tarsale 3 

 ( Carpale 4 = Tarsale 4 

 \Carpale 5 =Tarsale 5 



Metacarpale 1 " 5 =Metatarsale 1 ~ 5 

 Digits 1 ~ 5 = Digits 1 - 5 



Thigh 

 \ Shank 

 / (Cms) 



Astragalus 

 (Talus) 



Calcaneus 

 Naviculare 



pedis 

 (Scaphoid) 



Cuneiform 1 



Cuneiform 2 



Cuneiform 3 

 Cuboides 



(Metapo- 

 dium) 



Basi- 

 podium 



Ankle 

 (Tarsus) 



The basal podial region, which is nearly typical in some reptiles, 

 urodeles and man, consists of three rows of bones, a proximal of three 

 bones, a radiale or tibiale on the anterior side, an ulnare or fibulare 

 on the other, and an intermedium between them. The distal row 

 consists of five carpales or tarsales, numbered from the anterior side. 

 The third row is composed of one or two centrales between the other 

 rows. The metapodials and the digits, also numbered from one to 

 five, have, in some cases special names, the thumb (digit I) being 

 the pollex, the corresponding great toe being the hallux, the fifth 

 digit being called minimus. 



From this typical condition all forms legs, arms, wings are 

 derived by modification, fusion and disappearance of parts. The 

 more distal a part the more variable it is; reduction takes place on the 

 margins of the appendage, the axial portions being the last to disappear. 

 Occasionally in various groups (amphibia, mammals) there occur what 



