MANUFACTURE OF ANTI-TOXINS 63 



ANTI-TOXINS, VACCINES, AND TOXINS. 



The following is Wassermann's list of anti-toxins: 



Anti-toxins for bacterial toxins : 



Diphtheria 



Tetanus 



Botulism 



Pyocyaneus 



Symptomatic Anthrax 



Anti-leucocidin, an anti-toxin against the leucolytic poison of 



staphylococcus 

 Anti-toxins for the blood dissolving toxins of certain bacteria. 



Anti-toxin for animal toxins : 



Anti-venene for snake venom 

 Anti-toxin for spider poison 

 Anti-toxin for scorpion poison 



Anti-toxins for certain poisons in fish, eel, salamander, turtle, 

 and wasp sera. 



Anti-toxins for plant poisons : 



. Anti-ricin for castor-oil poison 

 Anti-abrin for jequerity bean poison 

 Anti-robin for locust bean poison 

 Anti-crotin for croton-oil bean poison 

 Anti-pollen for pollen of plants that produce hay-fever. 



Manufacture of Anti-toxins. If small doses of a given poison, 

 such as diphtheria toxin, be repeatedly injected into a susceptible 

 animal, and if the dose is gradually increased, there appears, after 

 a time, in the blood serum, an anti-body, or anti-toxin. This 

 substance in the serum is secreted by the cells and corresponds to 

 the free receptors in Ehrlich's lateral-chain theory. If an animal 

 be injected with the anti-toxin, and then with a large dose of toxin 

 say ten times the amount necessary to kill it if it had not received 

 the anti-toxin it will not be harmed. Here the free receptors arti- 



