PSYCHOZOIC ERA. AGE OF MAN. 409 



Antiquity of Man. 



On this important question, history, archaeology, and 

 geology meet and cooperate ; and it is to the introduc- 

 tion of geological methods that we must attribute the 

 rapid advances in recent times. 



Archaeologists long ago divided the history of human 

 progress, according to the nature of the implements used, 

 into three ages a stone age, a bronze age, and an iron 

 age. Again, by closer study, they subdivided the stone 

 age into an older stone (Paleolithic) and a newer stone 

 (Neolithic) age. In the one, the stone implements are 

 chipped ; in the other, polished. Again, under the guid- 

 ance of geology, the Paleolithic has been subdivided into 

 the mammoth age and the reindeer age. In the former, 

 man was contemporaneous with the mammoth, the cave- 

 bear, and other extinct Quaternary animals ; in the latter, 

 the mammoth had nearly disappeared, but the reindeer 

 was abundant over all middle and southern Europe. The 

 flint implements in the former were so rude that they 

 might well be called flint-flakes ; in the latter they were 

 carefully chipped. The former was coincident with the 

 Mid-Quaternary, i. e., Champlain, or perhaps Inter glacial; 

 the latter with the second Glacial or the early Post-glacial. 



3. Iron age ) 



2. Bronze age > Psychozoic. 



( Neolithic Domestic animals. ) 

 1. Stone age \ ( Reindeer Late Quaternary. 



( Paleolithic -j 



( Mammoth Mid-Quaternary. 



As seen by the schedule above, the Psychozoic era and 

 age of man commences with the Neolithic. Before that 

 time, man existed, indeed, but contended doubtfully for 

 nutstcrv with the great Quaternary animals. From that 

 time his victory is assured and his reign begins. 



